Geographical distribution of Alzheimer's disease cases at birth and the geochemical profile of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean/Qu�bec, Canada (image project)

Emard, Jean François; André, P.; Thouez, Jean-Pierre; Mathieu, Jean; Boily, C.; Beaudry, Michel; Cholette, A.; Robitaille, Yves; Bouchard, Rémi W.; Daoud, Nicolas; Veilleux, Francine; Gauvreau, D.

doi:10.1007/bf01257128

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This association was not assessed for statistical significance, but was argued to not be confounded by age, sex or place of residence stated on death certificate. B Emard et al, 1994 [ 37 ] Aluminium The IMAGE Project covering the population of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ), Québec. 129 individuals with AD (clinically diagnosed by standard medical services) who were born in SLSJ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… - 2 meta analyses, 2 systematic reviews, 11 RCTs, 2 prospective studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, 45 case–control studies, 30 autopsy studies,5 uncontrolled studies, 1 case study. Emard et al, 1994 [ 37 ] Manganese The IMAGE Project covering the population of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ), Québec. 129 individuals with AD (clinically diagnosed by standard medical services) who were born in SLSJ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were two studies of arsenic , one of which was of grade-B quality and found no association with dementia; the grade-C study found increased rates of dementia in areas with higher soil arsenic levels but this country-level simulation is less informative about risk factors in individuals [ 35 , 36 ]. A case–control study with 129 people in each group found that an excess of people with Alzheimer’s dementia were born in areas with higher than average lead concentrations [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only high quality study – a prospective cohort study of almost four thousand older adults in south-west France (the PAQUID study [ 38 ]) – found that levels of aluminium consumption in drinking water in excess of 0.1 mg per day were associated with a doubling of dementia risk and a three-fold increase in the risk of Alzheimer’s dementia [ 39 ]. Of the remaining thirteen moderate quality studies, six found an association between increased aluminium levels in drinking water and increased dementia risk [ 40 – 45 ], four found no association [ 37 , 46 – 48 ], and one found a protective effect of higher soil levels of aluminium [ 49 ]. In general, the larger studies showed a positive association and the smaller studies showed a null effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is unclear if their not mentioning calcium as a predictor means that they failed to examine it or if it did not emerge from the models as an independent predictor. A cross-sectional study found no association between cobalt and dementia risk [ 37 , 50 ]. Two case–control studies and one review article summarising 101 studies considered copper and iron in relation to dementia [ 24 , 37 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental risk factors for dementia: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundDementia risk reduction is a major and growing public health priority. While certain modifiable risk factors for dementia have been identified, there remains a substantial proportion of unexplained risk. There is evidence that environmental risk factors may explain some of this risk. Thus, we present the first comprehensive systematic review of environmental risk factors for dementia.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases from their inception to January 2016, bibliographies of review articles, and articles related to publically available environmental data. Articles were included if they examined the association between an environmental risk factor and dementia. Studies with another outcome (for example, cognition), a physiological measure of the exposure, case studies, animal studies, and studies of nutrition were excluded. Data were extracted from individual studies which were, in turn, appraised for methodological quality. The strength and consistency of the overall evidence for each risk factor identified was assessed.ResultsWe screened 4784 studies and included 60 in the review. Risk factors were considered in six categories: air quality, toxic heavy metals, other metals, other trace elements, occupational-related exposures, and miscellaneous environmental factors. Few studies took a life course approach. There is at least moderate evidence implicating the following risk factors: air pollution; aluminium; silicon; selenium; pesticides; vitamin D deficiency; and electric and magnetic fields.ConclusionsStudies varied widely in size and quality and therefore we must be circumspect in our conclusions. Nevertheless, this extensive review suggests that future research could focus on a short list of environmental risk factors for dementia. Furthermore, further robust, longitudinal studies with repeated measures of environmental exposures are required to confirm these associations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental risk factors for dementia: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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Do prenatal factors shape the risk for dementia?: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence for the prenatal origins of dementia

Wiegersma

Boots

Langendam

et al. 2023

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Prenatal factors such as maternal stress, infection and nutrition affect fetal brain development and may also influence later risk for dementia. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an overview of all studies which investigated the association between prenatal factors and later risk for dementia. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for original human studies reporting on associations between prenatal factors and dementia from inception to 23 November 2022. Prenatal factors could be any factor assessed during pregnancy, at birth or postnatally, provided they were indicative of a prenatal exposure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. Results A total of 68 studies met eligibility criteria (including millions of individuals), assessing maternal age (N = 30), paternal age (N = 22), birth order (N = 15), season of birth (N = 16), place of birth (N = 13), prenatal influenza pandemic (N = 1) or Chinese famine exposure (N = 1), birth characteristics (N = 3) and prenatal hormone exposure (N = 4). We observed consistent results for birth in a generally less optimal environment (e.g. high infant mortality area) being associated with higher dementia risk. Lower and higher birth weight and prenatal famine exposure were associated with higher dementia risk. The studies on season of birth, digit ratio, prenatal influenza pandemic exposure, parental age and birth order showed inconsistent results and were hampered by relatively high risk of bias. Conclusion Our findings suggest that some prenatal factors, especially those related to a suboptimal prenatal environment, are associated with an increased dementia risk. As these associations may be confounded by factors such as parental socioeconomic status, more research is needed to examine the potential causal role of the prenatal environment in dementia.

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