Geographical Pathology of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Iran with Evaluation of Incidence Trends of This Disease Using Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Abstract

Background:The aim of present study is to determine the spatial-temporal epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Iranian children. Methods: This ecological study was performed using an exploratory mixed design. The study population consists of 3769 children with ALL who were reported in the National Cancer Registry Program of Iran from 2006 to 2014. Data analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U, joinpoint regression analysis, Global Moran's I and Anselin Local Moran's I. Results: The average annual incidence rate of ALL was 2.25 per 100 000 children under 15 years of age during the study period, which was 1.37 times higher in males. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the disease was 7.1%, which is higher than that of developed countries. The incidence of ALL was higher in spring and summer and its peak incidence was at the age of 2-5. Spatial autocorrelation of the ALL was 0.358 and significant (P value <0.001). The high-risk cluster of ALL was identified in Fars and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and the low-risk cluster in Kermanshah, Zanjan and Kurdistan provinces. Conclusion:The incidence of ALL is on rise in Iranian children and appropriate healthcare services are required to prevent new cases of this disease in high-risk areas.

High incidence of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in Central Iran: A six years results from Semnan health cohort

“…The p-value was calculated using the Monte Carlo method and with 4499 repetitions. Also, Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Sum of Squared Errors (SEE) were considered to evaluate the precision of the models and select the best model [ 19 ]. To identify the exact time of joins, Average Annual Percent Change-Annual Percentage Change (AAPC-APC) values and slop changes in the estimated regression line with 95% confidence interval for the annual disease course during 2015–2020 were obtained by type of diabetes.…”

Temporal Trend and Spatial Distribution of Drug Poisoning in Semnan Province: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study

“…The closer the value of the statistic is to +1, the more it is clustered, and the closer it is to -1, the more it is dispersed, Furthermore, if its value is zero, the spatial distribution of the phenomenon is random. The null hypothesis indicated that the distribution of drug poisoning was randomly dispersed in Semnan Province (13,16). The Kuldorff's purely spatial scan statistic test and the Gini Optimized Cluster Collection method were used to detect the high-risk and low-risk clusters and estimate the relative risk of drug poisoning in any county of Semnan Province.…”

“…The Kuldorff's purely spatial scan statistic test and the Gini Optimized Cluster Collection method were used to detect the high-risk and low-risk clusters and estimate the relative risk of drug poisoning in any county of Semnan Province. This new method separates clusters on a more local scale and optimizes the radius of the circular scanning window for cluster detection, thereby demonstrating the best results in cluster detection (13,16,17).…”

“…A descriptive-analytical and retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using the Exploratory Mixed Design method, which simultaneously evaluated the effects of place (multiple-group study) and time (time-trend study) (12)(13)(14). It evaluated and compared the incidence of drug poisoning in different places of Semnan over different periods.…”

Spatio-temporal Analysis of COVID-19: A Global Study

“…Disease monitoring provides the basis for conducting research programs on the cause of the disease and evaluating early public health interventions (6). The incidence, prevalence, and deaths of diseases change over time (10). Temporal statistics are used to identify time trends.…”