Geographical patterns and partition of turnover and richness components of beta-diversity in faunas from Tocantins river valley

Abstract

There has been a resurging interest in patterns of β-diversity, especially by the mechanisms driving broad-scale, continental and global patterns, and how partitioning β-diversity into richness (or nestedness) and turnover components can be linked with such mechanisms. Here we compared two recent methodologies to find richness and turnover components of β-diversity, using a large regional scale dataset of mammal, bird, reptiles and amphibian species found in seven regions of Central, North and Northeastern Brazil. As well as a simple comparison of the metrics available, we analyzed spatial patterns (i.e., distance-decay similarity) and the effects of biome type in these components using raw and partial Mantel tests. Our analyses revealed that turnover estimated using Baselga's (2010) approach is slightly higher than the estimate using Carvalho's et al. (2012) approach, but all analyses show consistent spatial patterns in species turnover using both methods. Spatial patterns in β-diversity revealed by Mantel tests are also consistent with expectations based on differential dispersal abilities. Our results also reinforce that spatial patterns in β-diversity, mainly in the turnover components expressing faunal differentiation, are determined by a mix or broad scale environmental effects and short distance spatially-structured dispersal.Keywords: faunal similarity, β-diversity, turnover, richness, nestedness. Padrões geográficos e desdobramento entre componentes de substituição e riqueza da diversidade-beta em faunas do Centro e do Nordeste do Brasil ResumoTem havido um interesse crescente nos padrões de diversidade-β, particularmente acerca dos mecanismos subjacentes a esses padrões em escalas continentais e globais, e sobre o modo como esses mecanismos podem ser associados ao desdobramento desses padrões em componentes de riqueza e substituição (turnover) de espécies. Neste artigo, nós comparamos duas metodologias desenvolvidas recentemente para realizar esse desdobramento, utilizando conjuntos regionais de espécies de mamíferos, aves, répteis e anfíbios em sete regiões no Nordeste, Norte e no Centro do Brasil. Além de comparar os dois conjuntos de índices utilizados para o desdobramento dos componentes da diversidade-β, foram analisados os padrões espaciais e os efeitos do bioma no qual são encontradas as regiões nesses componentes por meio de testes de Mantel e testes de Mantel parciais. Embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças na magnitude das estimativas de diversidade-β entre os grupos, foi possível detectar diferenças significativas entre os padrões espaciais, principalmente no componente de substituição, sugerindo que os padrões na variação de composição são determinados por um balanço entre efeitos ambientais em grandes escalas e por processos de dispersão espacialmente estruturados.Palavras-chave: comparação de faunas, diversidade-β, riqueza de espécies, substituição.

Local environment and space drive multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrate beta diversity

“…However, very little is known about the relative importance of ecological variables influencing beta diversity facets and their components, as partitioning facets of beta diversity appeared only recently (Cardoso et al., 2014; Podani & Schmera, ). To date, most of the studies have focused on species‐based beta diversity patterns (Carvalho et al., ; Dobrovolski, Melo, Cassemiro, & Diniz‐Filho, ; Tonial et al., ), while few studies have focused on a multi‐faceted beta diversity approach and their respective components in aquatic macroinvertebrates (but see Heino & Tolonen, ). Our study emphasized the relative importance of local environmental conditions, followed by spatial variables, in explaining variation in all facets of beta diversity and their components (Figure ).…”

Seaweeds in Two Oceans: Beta-Diversity

“…The region of the coastline where low biodiversity community composition changes to highly biodiverse communities is reflected in the β-diversity, which peaks around the Cape Peninsula (16/17). Correlations between β-diversity (resulting from a change in α-diversity) and areas of transition have also been noted in several studies on terrestrial biota (Melo et al, 2009;Tonial et al, 2012), but such investigations are less established for marine biota (Schils and Wilson, 2006;Anderson et al, 2013).…”

Contrasting responses of beta diversity components to environmental and host‐associated factors in insect ectoparasites

“…In other words, different components of beta diversity may be driven by different factors (Legendre, ). However, only a handful of recent studies have tested the effects of environment on the different components of beta diversity (Tonial et al ., ; Vad et al ., ; Perez Rocha et al ., ; Victorero et al ., ; Heino et al ., ). These studies have reported contrasting results demonstrating either similar (Perez Rocha et al ., ) or differential (Victorero et al ., ) responses of the two beta diversity components to environmental gradients.…”