Geologic map of the Lunar Crater quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada

Snyder, R.P.; Ekren, E.B.; Dixon, G.L.

doi:10.3133/ofr69263

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…lation refl ects multiple explosive events interspersed with caldera-wall-collapse and sediment deposition during caldera subsidence. In contrast to the foregoing correlative intracaldera cooling units, the tuff of Halligan Mesa of Snyder et al (1972) is the only known correlative outside the Hot Creek caldera; its eruption might have been responsible for the initial collapse of the caldera. Nonetheless, the ignimbrite appears to be entirely confi ned within the older Williams Ridge caldera ( Fig.…”

Section: Tuff Of Hot Creek Canyonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ignimbrites are considered to be a single cooling unit that we call the tuff of Palisade Mesa. On the eastern margin of the Williams Ridge caldera this unit is designated as the tuff of Big Round Valley by at site EB and the tuff of Palisade Mesa by Snyder et al (1972) in the central part of the caldera at site ED (Fig. 25B).…”

Section: Tuff Of Palisade Mesamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25B). At Palisade Mesa itself, where the ignimbrite is a multiplefl ow compound cooling unit (Snyder et al, 1972), well-developed columnar joints are visible in the 150-m-high, west-facing escarpment alongside U.S. Highway 6 ( Fig. 28).…”

Section: Tuff Of Palisade Mesamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 36–18 Ma Central Nevada ignimbrite field and calderas, Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions

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Grommé²,

Deino

et al. 2013

Geosphere

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One of the greatest global manifestations of explosive silicic volcanism in the terrestrial rock record occurred during the middle Cenozoic over a large part of southwestern North America, from the Great Basin of Nevada and western Utah into Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. This subduction-related ignimbrite fl areup is the only one known in the world of its magnitude and of Mesozoic or Cenozoic age that is not related to continental breakup. The southern Great Basin ignimbrite province was a major product of the fl areup . Its central and eastern sectors developed on the Great Basin altiplano, a high orogenic plateau of limited relief dating from pulses of late Paleozoic through Mesozoic orogenic contractile deformation. Caldera-forming activity migrated southwestward through time in response to rollback of a once-fl at slab of subducting lithosphere.In the central sector of the southern Great Basin ignimbrite province, 11 partly exposed, mostly overlapping source calderas and one concealed source comprise the 36-18 Ma Central Nevada caldera complex. Calderas have diameters as much as 50 km, to possibly 80 km. Intracaldera tuff and intercalated wall-collapse breccia are at least 2000 m thick.Surrounding outfl ow ignimbrites consist of 17 regional cooling units (>200 km 3 ) that have been correlated over two or more mountain ranges on the basis of stratigraphic position, paleomagnetic direction, chemical and modal composition, and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age. Many additional smaller cooling units have been recognized. Possibly as many as eight of the ignimbrites resulted from super-eruptions of 1000 km 3 to as much as 4800 km 3 . This Central Nevada ignimbrite fi eld is presently exposed over an area of ~65,000 km 2 in south-central Nevada and had a volume of 25,000 km 3 corrected for post-volcanic crustal extension. Six of the largest eruptions broadcast ash fl ows over an extension-corrected area of greater than 16,000 km 2 and as much as 160 km from their caldera sources. Individual sections of outfl ow tuff include as many as 14 ignimbrite cooling units; aggregate thicknesses locally reach a kilometer, and stacks a few hundred meters thick are common. Sequences are almost everywhere conformable and lack substantial intervening erosional debris and angular discordances that would testify to synvolcanic crustal extension. Beds of fallout ash a few meters thick associated with the largest eruption have been recognized in the mid-continent of the U.S.Six caldera-forming eruptive episodes are separated by fi ve lulls in activity, each lasting from 1.7 to 4.4 m.y., during which time little (<200 km 3 ) or no ignimbrite was deposited. Some of the longer lulls that preceded the most voluminous eruptions likely refl ected the time for accumulation of magma in huge shallow chambers before eruption was triggered. Other long lulls preceded the last two, single eruptions as the arc magma-generating system was waning prior to the transition to non-arc magma production to the south in the Southwestern Nevada volcanic fi eld....

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Section: Tuff Of Hot Creek Canyonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tuff Of Palisade Mesamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 36–18 Ma Central Nevada ignimbrite field and calderas, Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions

Best

Grommé²,

Deino

et al. 2013

Geosphere

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“…In proximal areas of the Pancake Range, tuffs and lavas deposited between ~30.3 and ~22.1 Ma, which overlap with the first ~6–9 Myr of set 1 extension, exhibit minimum thicknesses of ~1.3–1.9 km (Dixon et al, ; Ekren et al, ; Ekren, Hinrichs, et al, ; Ekren, Rogers, & Dixon, ; Kleinhampl & Ziony, ; Snyder et al, ). With a consistent source of air fall and outflow material from proximal calderas to the west (Henry & John, ), it is possible that infilling of any accommodation space generated by set 1 extension was dominated by volcanics.…”

Section: Set 1 Extension Timing From Thermochronology Integrated Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Oligocene to Early Miocene Extension Along the Grant Range Detachment System, Nevada, USA: Insights From Multipart Cooling Histories of Footwall Rocks

et al. 2018

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In Nevada and Utah, the Cordilleran orogen underwent a protracted Cenozoic transition to an extensional setting. However, the geodynamic processes that controlled this transition are poorly understood, in part because the space‐time patterns of extension are not known in many areas. Localities of pre‐Neogene extension have the potential to elucidate the dynamics of the Cordilleran crust during the final stages of subduction. Here we present data that constrain the timing of extension in the Grant Range in eastern Nevada, which was deformed by a low‐angle normal fault system. We present temperature‐time histories of eight granite samples exhumed by this fault system, constrained by muscovite 40Ar/39Ar multi‐diffusion domain modeling and fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages from zircon and apatite. These data demonstrate rapid cooling (20–35 °C/Myr) from 350–425 to 25–50 °C between 28–31 and 15–19 Ma. The fault system accommodated ~24 km of extension (~115%), and exhumed the granite samples from 7–9 km depths to the near‐surface. Rapid Oligocene‐early Miocene cooling is interpreted to date the duration of motion on the fault system, and defines an extension rate of 1.5–2.6 km/Myr. This was one of the most significant fault systems active during an episode of spatially distributed late Eocene‐Oligocene extension, which overlaps temporally with volcanism generated by slab rollback. Reduced interplate coupling that accompanied slab rollback is interpreted as the primary driver of extension of the Cordilleran plateau during the final stages of subduction. This supports a scenario of orogenic collapse that proceeded in distinct episodes that were initiated by external geodynamic events.

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“…The LCVF is a Quaternary aged basaltic volcanic field [Scott and Trask, 1971;Snyder et al, 1972] Crater, a spectacular maar crater over 1100 m in diameter and 130 m deep. Another hydrovolcanic vent in the LCVF is Easy Chair Crater (ECC).…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of poorly exposed lithologies in imaging spectrometer data

Farrand¹,

Harsanyi²

1995

J. Geophys. Res.

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High spectral resolution imagery produced by imaging spectrometers enables the discrimination of geologic materials whose surface expression is subpixel in scale. Moreover, the use of such data makes it possible to distinguish materials which are characterized only by subtle differences in the spectral continuum. We define the “continuum” as the reflectance or radiance spanning the space between spectral features. The capability to distinguish subpixel targets will prove invaluable in studies of the geology of the Earth and planets from airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers. However, subpixel targets can only be uniquely identified in a truly optimal sense through the application of data reduction techniques that model the spectral contribution of both target and background materials. Two such techniques are utilized herein. They are a spectral mixture analysis approach and a low probability detection routine based on orthogonal subspace projection. These techniques were applied to the problem of detecting two different volcanic tuff units, one basaltic and one rhyolitic, in two different scenes of data measured by the airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). These tuff units have limited exposures from an overhead perspective and have spectral signatures which differ from those of background materials only in terms of subtle slope changes in the reflectance continuum. Of the two approaches, it was found that the low probability detection algorithm was more effective in highlighting those pixels that contained the target tuff units while suppressing the response of undesired background materials.

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Geologic map of the Lunar Crater quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The 36–18 Ma Central Nevada ignimbrite field and calderas, Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions

The 36–18 Ma Central Nevada ignimbrite field and calderas, Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions

Rapid Oligocene to Early Miocene Extension Along the Grant Range Detachment System, Nevada, USA: Insights From Multipart Cooling Histories of Footwall Rocks

Discrimination of poorly exposed lithologies in imaging spectrometer data

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