Geological factors affecting the distribution of trace metals in glacial sediments of central Newfoundland

Klassen, R. A.

doi:10.1007/s002540050235

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Geochemical trace metal/reference metal loglog associations are usually illustrated with Fe, Al, or Mn as the representative soil reference metal. Similar trace metal associations have consistently been observed for Fe (Hamon et al 2004;Myers and Thorbjornsen 2004;Thorbjornsen and Myers 2007a), Al (Klassen 1998;Myers and Thorbjornsen 2004;Thorbjornsen and Myers 2007b), and Mn (Hamon et al 2004;Sterckeman et al 2006;Thorbjornsen and Myers 2007b;Tongtavee et al 2005). In fact, little discussion in the literature is given regarding compositional differences in Fe, Al, and Mn among soils in geochemical evaluations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Geochemical surveys have repeatedly shown that background soil trace metal concentrations strongly depend on geologic and pedogenic processes (Burt et al 2003;Gustavsson et al 2001;Klassen 1998;Miretzky et al 2001;Wilson et al 2008). The basic objective of this study was to determine whether or not reference metals (i.e., Fe) exhibit a proportional and/or constant dependence across soils of contrasting composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of geochemical associations as a screening tool for identifying anthropogenic trace metal contamination

Anderson

Kravitz

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Geochemical association plots are used as a screening tool for environmental site assessments and use empirical log-log relationships between total trace metal concentrations and concentrations of a major (i.e., reference) soil metal constituent, such as iron (Fe), to discern sites with naturally elevated trace metal levels from sites with anthropogenic contamination. Log-log relationships have been consistently observed between trace metal and reference metal concentrations and are often considered constant. Consequently, we used a regional geochemistry data set to evaluate background trace metal/Fe log-log associations across soils with highly diverse composition. Our results indicate that, although geochemical associations may be proportional, they significantly differ across predominant United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil orders. This suggests that highly complex interactions between soil-forming factors and variable secondary clay mineral composition affect the ratio of trace metals to Fe concentrations in soils. Also, intra-order variability in trace metal/Fe ratios generally ranged multiple orders of magnitude which suggest that the order level of the USDA soil taxonomic system is insufficient to reasonably classify background trace metal concentrations. Consequently, geochemical association plots are a useful screening tool for environmental site assessments, but ubiquitous application of generic background metal data sets could result in erroneous conclusions. Because significantly different ratios were observed across predominant USDA soil orders, an agglomerative clustering technique was used to elucidate hierarchical patterns of association. We present these results as a mechanism to aid environmental assessors in screening candidate background metal data sets for their applicability to site-specific soil composition; although site-specific background metal data should be utilized if ample pristine reference sites with similar (i.e., sub-order) soil composition can be identified and sampled.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of geochemical associations as a screening tool for identifying anthropogenic trace metal contamination

Anderson

Kravitz

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Specifically, analyses of glacial ice from Sweden yielded arsenic concentrations of only 2.0-3.8 μg kg −1 (Table 3.15; (Weiss and Bertine, 1973)). In contrast, glacial sediments are derived from the weathering and erosion of regional bedrocks, which may include hydrothermal minerals, sulfide-bearing sedimentary rocks, volcanic deposits, and other arsenic-enriched materials (Kelly et al, 2005), 502; (Thomas, 2003;Kettles and Shilts, 1994;Klassen, 2004); Table 3.15).…”

Section: Glacial Ice and Related Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic in Natural Environments

Henke

2009

Arsenic

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“…Therefore, the heavy metal contaminants in the soils may originate from two sources: (i) the weathering of the parent rock which produces the natural geochemical background (Klassen 1998;Baize and Sterckeman 2001;Sterckeman et al 2006) and (ii) the anthropogenic contamination by repeated sludge spreading (Walter and Cuevas 1999;Mbila et al 2001) and/or atmospheric deposition (Steinnes et al 1997;Hernandez et al 2003). The ability of soils to adsorb and retain the heavy metal ions is mainly provided by the sorption process at the soil solid/solution interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and distribution of Zn in a sludge-amended soil: influence of the soil clay mineralogy

Proust

2014

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Conventional pedological survey generally assesses soil metal pollution by comparing total metal concentrations in soil to geochemical baselines in parent rock. This global approach overlooks the sorption capacities of the clay minerals which form at micrometric scale in weathering microsystems and are essential for the behaviour of metals in soil. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the impact of these weathering microsystems and their clay mineralogy upon Zn sorption and distribution throughout a sludgecontaminated soil. Materials and methods Two soil profiles with the same diorite parent rock were sampled: (i) an amended soil profile (AS) that received for 10 years wet sewage sludges heavily loaded with Zn and (ii) a control soil profile (CS) free of sludge spreading. Soil samples were carefully collected as undisturbed blocks using plastic core samplers to prevent sample metal contamination. Each sample was further divided into two subsamples: the first was devoted to bulk chemical analyses, mineral grains separation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, whereas the second part was used for thin-section preparation and electron probe microanalyses (EPMA). Results and discussion Zn in the control soil is inherited from the weathering parent rock, whereas it is supplied at the surface of the amended soil by sludges spreading. Each rock-forming mineral weathers into specific clay minerals: amphibole into saponite and montmorillonite and plagioclase into montmorillonite and kaolinite. Each clay mineral, with its specific sorption capacity, controls the Zn distribution within the soil: the smectites produced by the amphiboles have high sorption capacity and favour Zn retention in the upper horizons of the soil; the kaolinites produced by the plagioclases have lower sorption capacity, do not retain Zn in the surface horizons and allow it to migrate to deeper horizons where it is sorbed onto the montmorillonites. Conclusions The clay minerals appear to be important soil components controlling the mobility of Zn in the contaminated soils. The micrometric mineralogical approach proves to be relevant to describe the importance of the clay mineral species in the Zn fixation at the solid/solution interface. When applied to a wider range of heavy metals and clay minerals, it could be a useful improvement in the surface complexation modelling used to explain metal cation sorption in soils.

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Geological factors affecting the distribution of trace metals in glacial sediments of central Newfoundland

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of geochemical associations as a screening tool for identifying anthropogenic trace metal contamination

Evaluation of geochemical associations as a screening tool for identifying anthropogenic trace metal contamination

Arsenic in Natural Environments

Sorption and distribution of Zn in a sludge-amended soil: influence of the soil clay mineralogy

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