Geological history of Chesapeake Bay, USA

Hobbs, Carl H.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.08.003

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Many restricted basins have been subject to salinity changes throughout the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene (Dionne 1988;Middelburg 1991;Björck 1995;Hobbs 2004) and are likely to be affected by salinity changes in the near future. For instance, the annual mean salinity in the Gotland Deep (Baltic Proper) at the end of the twenty-first century is expected to be lower than any values observed since 1850 (Meier et al 2012b).…”

Section: Communicated By David Reide Corbettmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many other restricted basins are also characterized by a clear lake-marine transition in the sediment (e.g., Björck 1995;Dionne 1988;Hobbs 2004;Middelburg 1991), this may not always lead to vivianite formation at this sedimentary boundary. In the Ångermanälven estuary, a SMTZ in the lacustrine sediments prevents SO 4 2− from greater depths from diffusing up toward the lake-marine boundary and allows Fe 2+ to accumulate in the methanogenic lacustrine sediments.…”

Section: Vivianite and Cfa Authigenesis In Semi-enclosed Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene Refreshening and Reoxygenation of a Bothnian Sea Estuary Led to Enhanced Phosphorus Burial

Dijkstra

Krupinski

Yamane

et al. 2017

Estuaries and Coasts

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Salinity variations in restricted basins like the Baltic Sea can alter their vulnerability to hypoxia (i.e., bottom water oxygen concentrations <2 mg/l) and can affect the burial of phosphorus (P), a key nutrient for marine organisms. We combine porewater and solid-phase geochemistry, microanalysis of sieved sediments (including XRD and synchrotron-based XAS), and foraminiferal δ 18 O and δ 13 C analyses to reconstruct the bottom water salinity, redox conditions, and P burial in the Ångermanälven estuary, Bothnian Sea. Our sediment records were retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347 in 2013. We demonstrate that bottom waters in the Ångermanälven estuary became anoxic upon the intrusion of seawater in the early Holocene, like in the central Bothnian Sea. The subsequent refreshening and reoxygenation, which was caused by gradual isostatic uplift, promoted P burial in the sediment in the form of Mn-rich vivianite. Vivianite authigenesis in the surface sediments of the more isolated part of the estuary ultimately ceased, likely due to continued refreshening and an associated decline in productivity and P supply to the sediment. The observed shifts in environmental conditions also created conditions for postdepositional formation of authigenic vivianite, and possibly apatite formation, at ∼8 m composite depth. These salinityrelated changes in redox conditions and P burial are highly relevant in light of current climate change. The results specifically highlight that increased freshwater input linked to global warming may enhance coastal P retention, thereby contributing to oligotrophication in both coastal and adjacent open waters.

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Section: Communicated By David Reide Corbettmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vivianite and Cfa Authigenesis In Semi-enclosed Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene Refreshening and Reoxygenation of a Bothnian Sea Estuary Led to Enhanced Phosphorus Burial

Dijkstra

Krupinski

Yamane

et al. 2017

Estuaries and Coasts

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“…Native Americans settled in the Chesapeake Bay region, ∼9500 years BCE, during the glacial retreat when the Chesapeake Bay as we would recognize it today began to form (Hobbs, 2004). Oysters colonized the Bay ∼6500 years BCE as salt water from the Atlantic Ocean, driven by glacial melting, penetrated up-bay, and up-river (Bratton et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oysters colonized the Bay ∼6500 years BCE as salt water from the Atlantic Ocean, driven by glacial melting, penetrated up-bay, and up-river (Bratton et al, 2003). Reefs grew in elevation and area while expanding upriver(s) and northward as salinity suitable to their survival increased in extent (McCormick-Ray, 1998Hargis and Haven, 1999;Smith et al, 2003;Hobbs, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the Virginia Oyster Fishery, Chesapeake Bay, USA

Schulte

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Oyster populations in Virginia's waters of Chesapeake Bay were lightly exploited until the early 1800s, when industrial fishery vessels first arrived, driven south from New England due to the collapse of northeastern oyster fisheries. Early signs of overexploitation and habitat degradation were evident by the 1850s. The public fishery, where oyster fishers harvest on state-owned bottom, rapidly developed after the Civil War and peaked in the early 1880s. Declines were noted by the late 1880s and eventually prompted the creation of Virginia's shell-planting and oyster-seed (young-of-the-year, YOY) moving repletion program in the 1920s. Despite management and increasing repletion efforts, the public fishery collapsed (annual landings <10% of peak historical landings) by the early 1960s. The private leasehold fishery, in which individuals rent areas outside the public grounds to plant shells and oysters for their own private use, surpassed the public fishery by the late 1920s, which partly masked this decline due to overfishing, habitat degradation, and diseases until both public and private fisheries completely collapsed in the mid-1980s after a third disease outbreak. This disease outbreak was likely related to warming waters. Overfishing and concomitant habitat loss followed a pattern of sequential population collapses observed in wild oyster fisheries along the Coastlines of the United States and worldwide. In recent years, expanding hatchery-produced seed oysters and aquaculture significantly increased leasehold landings. The wild fishery has also increased as disease resistance is developing naturally in the wild stocks, but remains ∼5% of peak landings. Improved management has assisted in this recent limited recovery, improving these efforts further by enhancing stock recovery via large no-take sanctuaries, among other actions, could assist in stock recovery.

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“…D uring the latter phases of sea level rise in the early Holocene, the Susquehanna River valley was inundated by the Atlantic Ocean, forming the modern Chesapeake Bay (1,2). As sea level rose, eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) invaded the Bay, forming large populations and biogenic structures that expanded up the southern tributaries (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing early 17th century estuarine drought conditions from Jamestown oysters

Harding

Spero

Mann

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were a central component of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem in 1607 when European settlers established Jamestown, VA, the first permanent English settlement in North America. These estuarine bivalves were an important food resource during the early years of the James Fort (Jamestown) settlement while the colonists were struggling to survive in the face of inadequate supplies and a severe regional drought. Although oyster shells were discarded as trash after the oysters were eaten, the environmental and ecological data recorded in the bivalve geochemistry during shell deposition remain intact over centuries, thereby providing a unique window into conditions during the earliest Jamestown years. We compare oxygen isotope data from these 17th century oyster shells with modern shells to quantify and contrast estuarine salinity, season of oyster collection, and shell provenance during Jamestown colonization (1609-1616) and the 21st century. Data show that oysters were collected during an extended drought between fall 1611 and summer 1612. The drought shifted the 14 psu isohaline above Jamestown Island, facilitating individual oyster growth and extension of oyster habitat upriver toward the colony, thereby enhancing local oyster food resources. Data from distinct well layers suggest that the colonists also obtained oysters from reefs near Chesapeake Bay to augment oyster resources near Jamestown Island. The oyster shell season of harvest reconstructions suggest that these data come from either a 1611 well with a very short useful period or an undocumented older well abandoned by late 1611.Chesapeake Bay | Crassostrea virginica | environmental reconstruction | oxygen isotope | scleroarchaeology

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Geological history of Chesapeake Bay, USA

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

Holocene Refreshening and Reoxygenation of a Bothnian Sea Estuary Led to Enhanced Phosphorus Burial

Holocene Refreshening and Reoxygenation of a Bothnian Sea Estuary Led to Enhanced Phosphorus Burial

History of the Virginia Oyster Fishery, Chesapeake Bay, USA

Reconstructing early 17th century estuarine drought conditions from Jamestown oysters

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