Geological setup and physicochemical characteristics of Munger Groups of thermal springs along Munger–Saharsa Ridge Fault, Bihar, India: A conceptual hydrogeochemical model

Dutta, Ashim; Thapliyal, Ayodhaya Prasad; Singh, P. K.; Rohilla, Sandeep; Gupta, Ramesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s12040-022-02023-8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3a) illustrates different chemical types of thermal waters. Waters discharging along MSRF zone are of Ca−Mg−HCO type like most of meteoric waters (Dutta 2023a). Geothermal waters in north-west and north-east Himalayas are found to be Na−HCO type, except Chetu (HS−5) which is Na−Cl type (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Another hot spring is located at Maza which could not be accessed and sampled because of ground realities. The springs of Bhimband area in Munger are located in quartzite and phyllite of Munger Group belonging to the Mesoproterozoic age (Dutta 2023a; Fig. 2b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Relatively high SO content in springs HS−3, 4 and 5 (Table 1) suggests extraction of SO from oxidation of pyrite minerals of rocks and/or through near surface oxidation of H S. Dissolution of some sulphate mineral as gypsum and thenardite may also account for high SO concentration (Dutta 2023a). The HCO content in Changlung is about 5 times higher than that in Panamik.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering Hydrochemistry and Fluid-Mineral Equilibria from Characteristic Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Waters of Himalaya and Eastern India

Dutta¹,

Absar²,

Мишра³

et al. 2023

JGSR

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Geothermal energy, with associated low-carbon emissions compared to conventional fossil fuels, is presently one of the potential renewable energy sources. The decryption of the chemistry of thermal manifestations of geothermal systems, in terms of relative abundances of various chemical facies, is mandatory before launching systematic geothermal exploration in a given area as it provides valuable information on the basic characteristics of the geothermal reservoir. For the present study, three clusters of hot springs have been selected -1) Shyok-Nubra valleys geothermal prospect in NW Himalaya, 2) Subansiri valley geothermal areas in NE Himalaya and 3) the hot spring system occurring along Munger-Saharsa Ridge Fault Zone (MSRF) in the Eastern part of India. The study of these geothermal systems with low to moderately high temperatures of 35−75°C, has been carried out with two main objectives. The first objective is to estimate reservoir temperature and other characteristics in the three above-mentioned hot spring groups using conventional chemical geothermometry techniques for the first-hand assessment of the quality of the geothermal resource and postulating its possible application. The second objective of the study is to understand the distribution of stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in the studied geothermal systems to reveal reservoir-related hydrological aspects of the geothermal system. The three groups of hot springs show large variations in total dissolved solids (TDS) from <150 to about 1800 mg/L. Enigmatic and inexplicably low TDS values of 126 to 150 mg/Lare reported from the three Bhimband hot springs along MSRF Zone. These springs discharge Ca−Mg−HCO3 type water. The dearth of dissolved ionic species in these springs indicates lack of water-rock interaction in Bhimband area. Silica is the most abundant solute species and corresponds to a reservoir temperature of about 75°C. It may be inferred that relatively inert lithology in the reservoir and very high water-to-rock ratio might have rendered the observed chemical signatures to Bhimband hot springs. Shyok-Nubra springs at Changlung and Panamik are predominantly Na-HCO3 type with TDS values of about 1700 and 550 mg/L, respectively. These hot springs give an indication of water-rock interaction in different types of lithology at temperatures of 120 to >150°C resulting in the observed chemical differences between the two. Thermal water at Taksing in NE Himalaya is also Na−HCO3 type. Chetu hot spring with TDS of >1100 mg/Lis anomalous in two ways. First, it has a very high SO4 content of 358 mg/Land second, it has the lowest silica value. There is a possibility that the Chetu hot spring has its chemistry influenced by the dissolution of sulfates of Ca and Na. Preliminary stable isotope study indicates that the geothermal fluid is derived from meteoric sources. The lack of any indication for positive δ18O-shift suggests that reservoir temperatures of the springs are generally low. Keywords: Thermal Waters, Hydrogeochemistry, Reservoir Temperature, Stable Isotopes, Himalayas, Bihar

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering Hydrochemistry and Fluid-Mineral Equilibria from Characteristic Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Waters of Himalaya and Eastern India

Dutta¹,

Absar²,

Мишра³

et al. 2023

JGSR

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“…These rocks have been folded and faulted intricately where the Hot-springs of Rajgir are located (Fig. 1b) and temperature ranges between 25̊ and 65C elsius 55 . The western part onlaps the Satpura mobile belt and the Chhotanagpur Gneiss complex of the Proterozoic age 56−59 (Fig.…”

Section: Geology and Seismotectonics Of The Eastern Indo-gangetic For...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of northward dipping crustal layers underneath the eastern part of the Indo- Gangetic foreland basin, India: Implication for geodynamic evolution and seismogenesis

Chouhan,

Kumar,

Islam

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The continual collision and convergence of two plates, the Indian and the Eurasian plates, of extensively different crustal thicknesses, created one of the most dynamic geological provinces in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, the Indo-Gangetic foreland basin (IGFB). The crustal geometry in this part of the Indian plate has remained the prime focus of many researchers due to the occurrence of devastating earthquakes. In this context, we complement previous works and aim to map the crustal layers to make a realistic and most acceptable premise for tectonogenesis of the eastern IGFB. The derivative analysis of the Bouguer anomaly delineates the east-west trending basement-controlled subsurface geological structures related to the Miocene and Pleistocene epochs. The results of our study inferred that the Precambrian basement and Moho depth varies between 1 to 6.8 km and 39 to 60 km, respectively. The forward modelling of the Bouguer anomaly reveals that the crustal interfaces beneath the eastern IGFB are sharply dipping toward the north direction, primarily associated with the Himalayan orogeny of the Miocene and Pleistocene epochs. The findings of this study suggest that the Munger-Saharsa ridge controls subsidence in this part of the IGFB from the Miocene epoch to the present. Moreover, the study has also identified a blind fault in the Gandak depression, and its rapport with seismicity in the region is discussed. We have argued that the Munger-Saharsa ridge and the crustal bending mainly influence the seismicity in the eastern part of the IGFB.

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“…With global warming, the use of geothermal energy can help reduce environmental pollution and reduce the use of non-renewable resources [1,2]. The main objectives of geothermal hydrogeochemical studies are to determine macronutrients, trace elements, and isotopes and investigate the source of geothermal water and its chemical composition, geothermal storage temperature, hot and cold water mixing ratio, depth of geothermal water circulation, and the extent of water-rock reactions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. One of the main characterization elements of a geothermal system is the thermal storage temperature; the establishment of an analytical model of temperature can better visualize the causes of regional geothermal anomalies [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Temperature Calculation and Modeling for Convective Geothermal Systems: Case Study of Five Major Hot Springs in Lushan, Henan, China

et al. 2023

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The thermal storage temperature and water-rock interaction process of the Lushan convective geothermal system (Qinling stratigraphic zonation fracture zone in China) are clarified by using surface cold water and geothermal fluid as the research objects. In this study, a conceptual model of the temperature profile of the geothermal system in the study area was developed using surface temperature inversion, the cation temperature scale, the SiO2 temperature scale method, the mineral equilibrium phase method, the silicon-enthalpy model, the FixAl method, and the Cl-enthalpy model. The inversion temperature at the surface is in the range of 33-39°C, and the temperature difference indicates the direction of the Checun-Lushan fracture. The study area is recharged from atmospheric precipitation, and the temperature of the recharge area is approximately 5.8–7.7°C (the temperature of the alkali field is approximately 10°C), and the recharge elevation is approximately 1200 m. The thermal storage pattern in the study area is near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage transferred to shallow thermal storage and then to deep thermal storage. The near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage temperature is at a constant temperature of 60°C, and the shallow thermal storage temperature is calculated by K-Mg and Li-Mg geothermometers to be between 99 and 112°C. The thermal storage temperature is simulated using the FixAl method, with deviation values ranging from 2.9% to 15.0%. The silicon-enthalpy model calculates the deep thermal storage temperature to be between 181 and 230°C. The mixing ratio of geothermal water in the study area is extremely high, with a cold water mixing ratio of 85.4–94.8%. The home ground fluid temperature was estimated to be approximately 282°C using the Cl-enthalpy model. The main thermally controlled conductivity channel in the study area is the Checun-Lushan fracture zone. The water vapor formed by convection at depth moves upward to approximately 5 km to form a deep thermal reservoir, and this convection and upward movement cause it to mix with cold water from the fracture zone to form a shallow thermal reservoir, which moves to the near-surface, forming a hydrothermal-type reservoir, which is later discharged in the form of a spring. The conceptual model of geothermal system temperature established in this study provides a basis for further development and utilization of Lushan hot springs and provides guidance for future thermal storage temperature calculations of convection-type geothermal systems in uplifted mountains.

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Geological setup and physicochemical characteristics of Munger Groups of thermal springs along Munger–Saharsa Ridge Fault, Bihar, India: A conceptual hydrogeochemical model

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Deciphering Hydrochemistry and Fluid-Mineral Equilibria from Characteristic Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Waters of Himalaya and Eastern India

Deciphering Hydrochemistry and Fluid-Mineral Equilibria from Characteristic Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Waters of Himalaya and Eastern India

Evidence of northward dipping crustal layers underneath the eastern part of the Indo- Gangetic foreland basin, India: Implication for geodynamic evolution and seismogenesis

Reservoir Temperature Calculation and Modeling for Convective Geothermal Systems: Case Study of Five Major Hot Springs in Lushan, Henan, China

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