Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Iwo Jima

Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands; Part 1, General geology

“…Most recently N. M. Bowers has summarized the geography of the Mariana Islands (in Freeman, 1951, p. 205-229); Tayama (1952) has published his large and profusely illustrated volume on "Coral reefs in the South Seas," with scattered references to and a number of photographs and maps of the rocks and terrain features of Saipan; and W. S. Cole and Josiah Bridge (1953) have prepared a summary of the geology and larger Foraminifera of Saipan, based mainly on information and collections available before the beginning of our field studies. Also of interest is an excellent summary by John Rodgers (1948) of the phosphate deposits of the former Japanese mandated islands; as well as papers by Krauskopf (1948), Macdonald (1948), and Swenson (1948) which deal with the geology, petrography, and ground water of Iwo Jima and confirm the bench system and high reef remnants reported by Tada (1926). A recent paper by Ma (1953) suggests fluctuations in the latitude of Saipan, which, incidentally, are not confirmed by paleoecological data in the present report.…”

Research articles published in water resources journals: A bibliometric analysis

“…Therefore, researchers have investigated the unbalanced distribution of water resources [5][6][7]. According to a review on history of water resource studies, the earliest research was presented in 1910 [8], and many investigations were implemented in the following years, for example about central and east African water resources [9], and the geology and ground-water resources of Iwo Jima [10], whereas today, water resources science has become one of the most important areas in the water research fi eld. The issue of water resources plays an important role in the global environment.…”

Historical unrest at large calderas of the world

“…As of World War II, fresh pumice lapilli deposits on the flanks of Suribachi were largely barren of vegetation, suggesting a young age. Numerous fumaroles occur on Iwo-Jima, and temperature gradients are high, "...one test hole drilled on the northwestern flank of Motoyama had to be abandoned at a depth of 242 feet, because t:he temperature of the rock took the temper out of the bits" (Swenson, 1948). High temperatures are also suggested by Oshima andothers (1981, 1985) on the basis of a 20-km-diameter weakly magnetized core within what is otherwise a strongly magnetized (basaltic) shield.…”