Geology of San Nicolas Island, California

Vedder, J.G.; Norris, Robert M.

doi:10.3133/pp369

Cited by 52 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Changes in physiology and species competition mechanisms, as proposed by several investigators, are almost impossible to test given present techniques. Modifications in coastal geography, proposed by Woodring et al (1946) and Vedder and Norris (1963), do not explain thermally anomalous faunas when there is no geologic evidence that such changes occurred over the time period of interest. An upwelling cell adjacent to a warm embayment, proposed by Valentine (1955Valentine ( , 1980 and Vedder and Norris (1963), fails to explain fossil mixtures that are found on outer/exposed and particularly insular coastlines where such thermal con trasts do not exist.…”

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modifications in coastal geography, proposed by Woodring et al (1946) and Vedder and Norris (1963), do not explain thermally anomalous faunas when there is no geologic evidence that such changes occurred over the time period of interest. An upwelling cell adjacent to a warm embayment, proposed by Valentine (1955Valentine ( , 1980 and Vedder and Norris (1963), fails to explain fossil mixtures that are found on outer/exposed and particularly insular coastlines where such thermal con trasts do not exist. Reworking of fossils from older units, also proposed by several investigators cited above, cannot be invoked in those areas where older, fossil-bearing units are lacking.…”

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more than a hundred years, the Quaternary fossil record of Pacific Coast marine terraces has generated a rich literature on past marine climates (Arnold 1903, Grant and Gale 1931, Woodring et al 1946, Woodring 1957, Val entine 1958, 1961, 1962, Kanakoff and Emerson 1959, Valentine and Meade 1961, Vedder and Norris 1963, Addicott 1966, Lipps et al 1968, Kern 1977, Kennedy 1978, 2000, Susuki and Stadum 1978, Emerson 1980, Lindberg et al 1980, Emerson et al 1981, Kennedy et al 1982, Muhs et al 2002a, 2012a. One problem that has long been recognized in marine terrace fossil studies on the Pacific Coast is the existence of fossil assemblages with elements that imply contradictory paleoclimatic interpretations when set in the context of their modern zoogeography.…”

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include (1) northward and southward shifts in marine isotherms over the course of the Pleistocene (Smith 1919); (2) reworking of fossils from older units (Crickmay 1929, Woodring et al 1946, Woodring 1957, Vedder and Norris 1963; (3) non-temperature-related factors that govern the composition of a marine community, such as species competition (Grant and Gale 1931); (4) presence of a cold-water upwelling cell adjacent to a protected, warm embayment or at least near a zone where upwelling is less intense (Valentine 1955, Vedder and Norris 1963; (5) storm-wave and longshorecurrent transportation (Woodring et al 1946); (6) changes in coastal geography (Woodring et al 1946, Vedder andNorris 1963); (7) changes in physiology that would alter tolerances of species to different temperature ranges (Woodring et al 1946, Woodring 1957, Vedder and Norris 1963, Kern et al 1971; (8) local and temporary current changes bringing extralimital taxa into regions where they do not usually live (Zinsmeister 1974); (9) response of individualistic species to climate change (Roy et al 1995); and (10) greater seasonality due to orbital forcing in some interglacial periods compared to the present (Kennedy 2000).…”

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern distribution data for M. lugubris are taken from collections at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM); the California Academy of Sciences (CAS); the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Abbott (1974); Radwin (1974);and Hertz (1995). Extended last interglacial distribution data for S. eschrichtii are compiled from Valentine (1958), Vedder and Norris (1963), and Lipps (1966), with chronology from Muhs et al (2002aMuhs et al ( , 2012a. Extended last interglacial distribution data for M. lugubris are compiled from Valentine (1962), Lipps et al (1968), Kern (1977), Kennedy et al (1992), and this study, with chronology from Kennedy et al (1992) and Muhs et al (1992Muhs et al ( , 2002aMuhs et al ( , 2010Muhs et al ( , 2012a.…”

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Interpreting the Paleozoogeography and Sea Level History of Thermally Anomalous Marine Terrace Faunas: A Case Study from the Last Interglacial Complex of San Clemente Island, California

Muhs

Groves

Schumann

2014

Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist

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Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monographs Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpreting the Paleozoogeography and Sea Level History of Thermally Anomalous Marine Terrace Faunas: A Case Study from the Last Interglacial Complex of San Clemente Island, California

Muhs

Groves

Schumann

2014

Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist

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A tale of two islands: tectonic and orbital controls on marine terrace reoccupation, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA

Muhs,

Groves,

Simmons

et al. 2023

J Quaternary Science

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In areas of low uplift rate on the Pacific Coast of North America, reoccupation of emergent marine terraces by later high sea‐stands has been hypothesised to explain the existence of thermally anomalous fauna (mixtures of warm and cool species) of last interglacial age. If uplift rates have been low for much of the Quaternary, it follows that higher (older) terraces should also show evidence of reoccupation. Strontium isotope analyses of fossils from a high‐elevation marine terrace on Anacapa Island, California, yield ages ranging from ~2.4–2.3 Ma to ~1.4–1.5 Ma. These results indicate that terrace reoccupation and fossil mixing on Anacapa Island could have taken place over several interglacial periods in the early Pleistocene. Terrace reoccupation over this time period is likely a function of both a low uplift rate and the timing of orbital forcing of glacial–interglacial cycles. Climate change in the early Pleistocene was modulated by the 41 ka obliquity cycle, and glacial–interglacial cycles were much shorter than later in the Pleistocene. Nearby San Miguel Island also has evidence of terrace reoccupation, with Sr isotope ages of shells from several high‐elevation terraces ranging from ~1.21–1.25 Ma to ~0.43–0.50 Ma. However, the frequency of terrace reoccupation was lower than on Anacapa Island. The uplift rate of San Miguel Island is higher than that of Anacapa Island and terraces formed when glacial–interglacial cycles were longer. The frequency of marine terrace reoccupation is controlled by the rate of tectonic uplift and the timing of orbital forcing of sea level change during glacial–interglacial cycles.

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Quaternary Sea-Level Events on Northern San Clemente Island, California

Muhs

1983

Quat. res.

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Global sea-level changes are expressed in the coastal landforms and deposits of northern San Clemente Island. Stratigraphic, radiometric, amino acid, and pedologic dating techniques have allowed the development of a chronology of sea-level changes for about the last 500,000 yr. A uranium-series date on coral of about 127,000 yr for the 2nd terrace serves as a calibration point for amino acid age estimates of four other mapped terraces. Two of these terraces have age estimates of about 80,000–105,000 yr, another has an age estimate of about 127,000 yr, and the 5th terrace on the west side of the island is estimated to be about 415,000–575,000 yr old. These dates correlate reasonably well with marine terraces dated elsewhere and with stages of the oxygen-isotope record that are thought to represent high stands of the sea. Weakly cemented calcareous dune sands (eolianites) are moderately extensive on northern San Clemente Island and appear to represent low stands of the sea, since calcareous shelf sands were the most likely source. A radiocarbon date of about 22,000 yr suggests that the youngest eolianite was deposited during the last glacial maximum. An older eolianite is estimated to be about 140,000–195,000 yr old based on stratigraphic relations and degree of soil development. The suggested ages for the eolianites also correlate well with oxygen-isotope estimates of low sea levels.

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Geology of San Nicolas Island, California

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Interpreting the Paleozoogeography and Sea Level History of Thermally Anomalous Marine Terrace Faunas: A Case Study from the Last Interglacial Complex of San Clemente Island, California

Interpreting the Paleozoogeography and Sea Level History of Thermally Anomalous Marine Terrace Faunas: A Case Study from the Last Interglacial Complex of San Clemente Island, California

A tale of two islands: tectonic and orbital controls on marine terrace reoccupation, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA

Quaternary Sea-Level Events on Northern San Clemente Island, California

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