Geometry and mode of emplacement of the Thverartindur cone sheet swarm, SE Iceland

Klausen, Martin B.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.022

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These inclined sheets transfer magma from deeper sills to shallower stratigraphic levels and are thus integral to facilitating magma ascent in sedimentary basins (Thomson and Hutton, 2004;Cartwright and Hansen, 2006;Holford et al, 2012;Muirhead et al, 2012;Magee et al, 2013cMagee et al, , 2014. Within the volcanological literature, studies of inclined sheet emplacement have primarily focused on the formation of cone sheets, i.e., swarms of concentric, inwardly inclined sheet intrusions that dip toward and are inferred to emanate from a central magma chamber (e.g., Anderson, 1937;Gautneb et al, 1989;Schirnick et al, 1999;Klausen, 2004;Geshi, 2005;Bistacchi et al, 2012;Burchardt et al, 2013). Field observations reveal that the majority of these cone sheets occur in extension fractures and thereby intruded when s 1 was radially inclined inward, parallel to the inclined sheet plane, while s 3 was orthogonal to the intrusion plane (e.g., Anderson, 1937;Gautneb et al, 1989;Gudmundsson, 2002Gudmundsson, , 2006Klausen, 2004;Geshi, 2005;Siler and Karson, 2009;Magee et al, 2012a;Muirhead et al, 2012).…”

Section: Inclined Sheet Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the volcanological literature, studies of inclined sheet emplacement have primarily focused on the formation of cone sheets, i.e., swarms of concentric, inwardly inclined sheet intrusions that dip toward and are inferred to emanate from a central magma chamber (e.g., Anderson, 1937;Gautneb et al, 1989;Schirnick et al, 1999;Klausen, 2004;Geshi, 2005;Bistacchi et al, 2012;Burchardt et al, 2013). Field observations reveal that the majority of these cone sheets occur in extension fractures and thereby intruded when s 1 was radially inclined inward, parallel to the inclined sheet plane, while s 3 was orthogonal to the intrusion plane (e.g., Anderson, 1937;Gautneb et al, 1989;Gudmundsson, 2002Gudmundsson, , 2006Klausen, 2004;Geshi, 2005;Siler and Karson, 2009;Magee et al, 2012a;Muirhead et al, 2012). Stress fields favoring classical cone sheet formation (e.g., Anderson, 1937) have been reproduced numerically during inflation of circular or oblate-shaped magma chambers (e.g., Gudmundsson, 2002Gudmundsson, , 2006Bistacchi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Inclined Sheet Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill‐complexes

Magee

Muirhead

Karvelas

et al. 2016

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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The structure of upper crustal magma plumbing systems controls the distribution of volcanism and influences tectonic processes. However, delineating the structure and volume of plumbing systems is difficult because (1) active intrusion networks cannot be directly accessed; (2) field outcrops are commonly limited; and (3) geophysical data imaging the subsurface are restricted in areal extent and resolution. This has led to models involving the vertical transfer of magma via dikes, extending from a melt source to overlying reservoirs and eruption sites, being favored in the volcanic literature. However, while there is a wealth of evidence to support the occurrence of dike-dominated systems, we synthesize field-and seismic reflection-based observations and highlight that extensive lateral magma transport (as much as 4100 km) may occur within mafic sill complexes. Most of these mafic sill complexes occur in sedimentary basins (e.g., the Karoo Basin, South Africa), although some intrude crystalline continental crust (e.g., the Yilgarn craton, Australia), and consist of interconnected sills and inclined sheets. Sill complex emplacement is largely controlled by host-rock lithology and structure and the state of stress. We argue that plumbing systems need not be dominated by dikes and that magma can be transported within widespread sill complexes, promoting the development of volcanoes that do not overlie the melt source. However, the extent to which active volcanic systems and rifted margins are underlain by sill complexes remains poorly constrained, despite important implications for elucidating magmatic processes, melt volumes, and melt sources.

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Section: Inclined Sheet Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclined Sheet Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill‐complexes

Magee

Muirhead

Karvelas

et al. 2016

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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“…Other good examples are found in the Canary Islands (Ancochea et al 2003), Galápagos Islands (Chadwick and Howard 1991;Chadwick and Dieterich 1995), and Iceland (e.g. Schirnick et al 1999;Walker 1999;Klausen 2004;Burchardt et al 2011). Despite the prominence of cone sheets, little is known about their much-debated emplacement mechanisms (e.g.…”

Section: Cone Sheet Emplacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the prominence of cone sheets, little is known about their much-debated emplacement mechanisms (e.g. Phillips 1974;Klausen 2004;Burchardt et al 2013). One reason is that laboratory cone sheets rarely occur in gelatine experiments, which mostly simulate either dykes (Takada 1990;Lister and Kerr 1991;Dahm 2000;Rivalta and Dahm 2006;Le Corvec et al 2013) or sills (Kavanagh et al 2006;Menand 2008).…”

Section: Cone Sheet Emplacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: A Review

Galland

Holohan

Vries

et al. 2015

Advances in Volcanology

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We review the numerous experimental studies dedicated to unravelling the physics and dynamics of various parts of a volcanic plumbing system. Section 1 lists the model materials commonly used for model magmas or model rocks. We describe these materials' mechanical properties and discuss their suitability for modelling sub-volcanic processes. Section 2 examines the fundamental concepts of dimensional analysis and similarity in laboratory modelling. We provide a step-by-step explanation of how to apply dimensional analysis to laboratory models in order to identify fundamental physical laws that govern the modelled processes in dimensionless (i.e. scale independent) form. Section 3 summarises and discusses the past applications of laboratory models to understand numerous features of volcanic plumbing systems. These include: dykes, cone sheets, sills, laccoliths, caldera-related structures, ground deformation, magma/fault interactions, and explosive vents. We outline how laboratory models have yielded insights into the main geometric and mechanical controls on the development of each part of the volcanic

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“…Important parameters are the geographic mean center of the distribution (mean center), the clustering or dispersing of graves around this mean center (standard distance circle), and the orientation of the distribution (standard deviational ellipse). These methods have already been applied and have proven their value in crime analysis (Stephenson 1974;LeBeau 1987;Levine 2006;Kent and Leitner 2007), geography (Jones 1980;Myint 2008;Ayhan and Cubukcu 2010), geology (Mamuse et al 2009), public health plan- ning (Tanaka et al 1981;Khan 1986), and volcanology (Klausen 2004(Klausen , 2006Bishop 2007). The application of these centrographic statistics make it possible to track changes in distribution patterns over time, to model movement or to track differences between the distribution patterns of several, different parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹⁴C Dates and Spatial Statistics: Modeling Intrasite Spatial Dynamics of Urnfield Cemeteries in Belgium Using Case Study of Destelbergen Cemetery

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT. The possibility of radiocarbon dating on cremated bones stimulated a systematic 14 C dating project investigating the chronology of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age urnfield cemeteries in Belgium. The growing amount of 14 C dates on these cremated remains led to new insights into the chronology, development, and disappearance of the urnfield phenomenon. Consequently, ideas about cultural and historical processes need to be modified. Also, the internal chronology of the cemeteries is much more complex than previously thought, stimulating the need for techniques to analyze and visualize the internal development of an individual burial site. The application of centrographic methods like the mean center, standard distance circle, and standard deviational ellipse illustrates the possibilities for analyzing the internal chronology of the cemeteries based on the available 14 C dates.

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Geometry and mode of emplacement of the Thverartindur cone sheet swarm, SE Iceland

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill‐complexes

Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill‐complexes

Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: A Review

¹⁴C Dates and Spatial Statistics: Modeling Intrasite Spatial Dynamics of Urnfield Cemeteries in Belgium Using Case Study of Destelbergen Cemetery

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Geometry and mode of emplacement of the Thverartindur cone sheet swarm, SE Iceland

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill‐complexes

Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill‐complexes

Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: A Review

14C Dates and Spatial Statistics: Modeling Intrasite Spatial Dynamics of Urnfield Cemeteries in Belgium Using Case Study of Destelbergen Cemetery

Contact Info

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¹⁴C Dates and Spatial Statistics: Modeling Intrasite Spatial Dynamics of Urnfield Cemeteries in Belgium Using Case Study of Destelbergen Cemetery