Geomorphic characterization and diversity of the fluvial systems of the Gangetic Plains

Sinha, Rajiv; Jain, Vikrant; Babu, G. Prasad; Ghosh, Sumit

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.02.006

Cited by 136 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Within the central and lower parts of the IGB the river systems change to become of much greater lateral aggradation, with numerous sinuous channels active at any one time. Here a significant thickness (>100 m) of Holocene sediment overlies Pleistocene alluvium (Sinha et al 2005b) so that the Holocene alluvium forms the effective aquifer unit (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Distribution Of Pleistocene and Holocene Alluviummentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeological typologies of the Indo-Gangetic basin alluvial aquifer, South Asia

et al. 2017

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The Indo-Gangetic aquifer is one of the world's most important transboundary water resources, and the most heavily exploited aquifer in the world. To better understand the aquifer system, typologies have been characterized for the aquifer, which integrate existing datasets across the IndoGangetic catchment basin at a transboundary scale for the first time, and provide an alternative conceptualization of this aquifer system. Traditionally considered and mapped as a single homogenous aquifer of comparable aquifer properties and groundwater resource at a transboundary scale, the typologies illuminate significant spatial differences in recharge, permeability, storage, and groundwater chemistry across the aquifer system at this transboundary scale. These changes are shown to be systematic, concurrent with large-scale changes in sedimentology of the Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial aquifer, climate, and recent irrigation practices. Seven typologies of the aquifer are presented, each having a distinct set of challenges and opportunities for groundwater development and a different resilience to abstraction and climate change. The seven typologies are: (1) the piedmont margin, (2) the Upper Indus and Upper-Mid Ganges, (3) the Lower Ganges and Mid Brahmaputra, (4) the fluvially influenced deltaic area of the Bengal Basin, (5) the Middle Indus and Upper Ganges, (6) the Lower Indus, and (7) the marine-influenced deltaic areas.

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Section: Distribution Of Pleistocene and Holocene Alluviummentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeological typologies of the Indo-Gangetic basin alluvial aquifer, South Asia

et al. 2017

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“…In any case, the higher loading of the western Ganga could result from an overall lower sediment yield of the west compared to the east (e.g. SINHA et al, 2005) as lower physical erosion should favour higher fixation of organic matter.…”

Section: Org Loading Evolution Along the G-b River Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading and fate of particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta

Galy

France‐Lanord

Lartiges

2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

210

184

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We use the evolution of river sediment characteristics and sedimentary C org from the Himalayan range to the delta to study the transport of C org in the Ganga-Brahmaputra system and especially its fate during floodplain transit.A detailed characterisation of both mineral and organic particles for a sampling set of river sediments allows taking into account the sediment heterogeneity characteristic of such large rivers. We study the relationships between sediment characteristics (mineralogy, grain size, specific area) and C org content in order to evaluate the controls on C org loading. Contributions 20 of C3 and C4 plants are estimated from C org stable isotopic composition ( 13 C org ). We use the evolution of 13 C org values from the Himalayan range to the delta in order to study the fate of C org during floodplain transit.Ganga and Brahmaputra sediments define two distinct linear relations with specific area. In spite of 4 to 5 times higher specific area, Ganga sediments have similar C org content, grain size and mineralogy as Brahmaputra sediments, indicating that specific area does not exert a primary control on C org loading. The general correlation between the total C org content and Al/Si ratio indicates that C org loading is mainly related to: (1) segregation of organic particles under hydrodynamic forces in the river and, (2) the ability of mineral particles to form organo-mineral aggregates.

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“…In this area, the floodplain is asymmetrical (Figure 1b). It is narrow on the western side of the river, where the incision of the river prevented the development of a floodplain [25]. On the eastern bank, the active (undeveloped) floodplain has a width of 2.4 km.…”

Section: Study Area and Available Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewage-Borne Ammonium at a River Bank Filtration Site in Central Delhi, India: Simplified Flow and Reactive Transport Modeling to Support Decision-Making about Water Management Strategies

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In the Indian metropolis of Delhi, the Yamuna River is highly influenced by sewage water, which has led to elevated ammonium (NH 4 + ) concentrations up to 20 mg/L in the river water during 2012-2013. Large drinking water production wells located in the alluvial aquifer draw high shares of bank filtrate. Due to the infiltrating river water, the raw water NH 4 + concentrations in some wells exceed the threshold value of 0.5 mg/L ammonia-N of the Indian drinking water specifications, making the water unfit for human consumption without prior treatment. However, to meet the city's growing water demand, it might be advantageous to consider the long-term use of the well field. This requires the development of an adapted post-treatment unit in concert with an adjusted well field management. To better understand the groundwater dynamics and contamination and decontamination times at the well field, a theoretical modeling study has been conducted. The results of 2D numerical modeling reveal that the groundwater flux beneath the river is negligible because of the aquifer and river geometry, indicating that infiltrating river water is not diluted by the ambient groundwater. Increasing the water abstraction in the wells closest to the river would result in a larger share of bank filtrate and a decreasing groundwater table decline. Simplified 1D reactive transport models set up for a distance of 500 m (transect from the riverbank to the first production well) showed that the NH 4 + contamination will prevail for the coming decades. Different lithological units of the aquifer (sand and kankar-a sediment containing calcareous nodules) have a strong influence on the respective contamination and decontamination periods, as the retardation of NH 4 + is higher in the kankar than in the sand layer. Although this simplified approach does not allow for a quantification of processes, it can support decision-making about a possible future use of the well field and point to associated research needs.

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Geomorphic characterization and diversity of the fluvial systems of the Gangetic Plains

Cited by 136 publications

References 61 publications

Hydrogeological typologies of the Indo-Gangetic basin alluvial aquifer, South Asia

Hydrogeological typologies of the Indo-Gangetic basin alluvial aquifer, South Asia

Loading and fate of particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta

Sewage-Borne Ammonium at a River Bank Filtration Site in Central Delhi, India: Simplified Flow and Reactive Transport Modeling to Support Decision-Making about Water Management Strategies

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