Geomorphological study of an area with mud diapirs south of Crete (Mediterranean Ridge)

Hieke, W.; Werner, Friedrich; Schenke, Hans-Werner

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(95)00154-9

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2), and these are oriented in the same direction. In addition, a small number of mud structures are located to the southwest of the bordering Olimpi escarpment (Hieke et al, 1996b). Long-range sidescan sonar records of the Olimpi field reveals a pattern of southward concave features bending around the mud volcano area and deforming Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments.…”

Section: Mud Volcanism On the Mediterranean Ridge And Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculations indicate that the formation of peripheral moats requires expulsion of large volumes of fluid . (Hieke et al, 1996b). See text for data sources.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Mud Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Olimpi field and its vicinity is now one of the best investigated mud volcano areas of the world (e.g., Cita et al, 1981Cita et al, , 1989Camerlenghi et al, 1992Camerlenghi et al, , 1995Limonov et al, 1994Limonov et al, , 1996Westbrook et al, 1995;Ivanov et al, 1996;Hieke et al, 1996b;Cronin et al, 1997). The mud features vary in scale, shape, and nature of origin.…”

Section: Mud Volcanism On the Mediterranean Ridge And Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deep-tow sonographs reveal flow structures and patchy subcircular features. The latter are interpreted as pockmarks indicating fluid venting (Hieke et al, 1996b). Within the crater areas of mud volcanoes, clasts several meters in diameter were observed with video equipment at the Stoke-on-Trent and Dublin mud volcanoes (Cronin et al, 1997).…”

Section: Mud Volcanism On the Mediterranean Ridge And Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noting the preferred northwest-southeast alignment of the mud volcanoes, Hieke et al (1996b) suggest that the location of the mud structures is controlled by fault crossings that are exploited as mud conduits. These authors envision the Olimpi area as being influenced by faulting associated with both a northwest-southeast trend as observed in the west (Ionian segment), and a northeast-southwest trend active to the east (e.g., Strabo trench).…”

Section: Previous Models Of Mediterranean Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonic setting and processes of mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex: evidence from Leg 160

Robertson¹,

Kopf²

1998

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Mud volcanism was initiated when overpressured muds rose through the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary prism. Early mud volcanism was marked by eruption of coarse clastic sediments forming small cones of debris flow deposits and turbidites, followed by eruption of large volumes of clast-rich matrix-supported debris flows. Eruption was accompanied by progressive subsidence to form moat-like features. Later, clast-poor mud flows spread laterally and built up a flat-topped cone (Napoli mud volcano). Clasts in the mud volcano sediments are mainly angular and up to 0.5 m in size. These clasts are dominated by claystone, sandstone, and limestone of early-middle Miocene age that were previously accreted. Matrix material of the mud breccias probably originated from Messinian evaporite-rich sediments located within the décollement zone beneath the accretionary wedge, at an estimated depth of 5−7 km. Pressure release triggered hydrofracturing of poorly consolidated mud near the seafloor. Eruption was accompanied by release of large volumes of hydrocarbon gas. Conditions were suitable for gas hydrate genesis at shallow depths beneath the seafloor at the Milano mud volcano. The mud volcanism is probably related to backthrusting concentrated along the rear of the accretionary wedge near a backstop of continental crust to the north. Clasts within the mud breccias were mainly derived from the North African passive margin, but subordinate lithoclastic ophiolite-related material was also derived from the north, probably from now largely obliterated higher thrust sheets of Crete. Comparisons show that in contrast to other mud volcanoes both on the seafloor (Barbados) and on land (Trinidad), which are usually relatively transient features, mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge has persisted for >1 m.y. A revised hypothesis of mud volcanism at the Ocean Drilling Program sites is proposed, in relation to progressive tectonic evolution of the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex.

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Section: Mud Volcanism On the Mediterranean Ridge And Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculations indicate that the formation of peripheral moats requires expulsion of large volumes of fluid . (Hieke et al, 1996b). See text for data sources.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Mud Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mud Volcanism On the Mediterranean Ridge And Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mud Volcanism On the Mediterranean Ridge And Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Models Of Mediterranean Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tectonic setting and processes of mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex: evidence from Leg 160

Robertson¹,

Kopf²

1998

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Distribution and geological control of mud volcanoes and other fluid/free gas seepage features in the Mediterranean Sea and nearby Gulf of Cadiz

et al. 2014

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Existing knowledge on the distribution of mud volcanoes (MVs) and other significant fluid/free gasventing features (mud cones, mud pies, mud-brine pools, mud carbonate cones, gas chimneys and, in some cases, pockmark fields) discovered on the seafloor of the Mediterranean Sea and in the nearby Gulf of Cadiz has been compiled using regional geophysical information (including multibeam coverage of most deepwater areas). The resulting dataset comprises both features proven from geological sampling, or in situ observations, and many previously unrecognized MVs inferred from geophysical evidence. The synthesis reveals that MVs clearly have non-random distributions that correspond to two main geodynamic settings: (1) the vast majority occur along the various tectonosedimentary accretionary wedges of the Africa-Eurasia subduction zone, particularly in the central and eastern Mediterranean basins (external Calabrian Arc, Mediterranean Ridge, Florence Rise) but also along its westernmost boundary in the Gulf of Cadiz; (2) other MVs characterize thick depocentres along parts of the Mesozoic passive continental margins that border Africa from eastern Tunisia to the Levantine coasts, particularly off Egypt and, locally, within some areas of the western Mediterranean back-arc basins. Meaningfully accounting for MV distribution necessitates evidence of overpressured fluids and mud-rich layers. In addition, cross-correlations between MVs and other GIS-based data, such as maps of the Messinian evaporite basins and/or active (or recently active) tectonic trends, stress the importance of assessing geological control in terms of the presence, or not, of thick seals and potential conduits. It is contended that new MV discoveries may be expected in the study region, particularly along the southern Ionian Sea continental margins.

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Morphology of a Pre-collisional, Salt-bearing, Accretionary Complex: The Mediterranean Ridge (Eastern Mediterranean)

et al. 2006

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The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a remnant of a deep Mesozoic oceanic basin, now almost totally consumed as a result of long-term plate convergence between Eurasia and Africa. The present-day surface morphology of the Eastern Mediterranean relates both to the early history of formation of the deep basins and the recent geodynamic interactions between interfering microplates. Among the most conspicuous morphologic features of the basin is an arc-shape, elongated and wide, bathymetric swell bisecting the entire basin from the Ionian to Levantine areas, known as the Mediterranean Ridge. During the last decade this tectono-sedimentary accretionary prism, which results from the Hellenic subduction, has been intensively surveyed by swath mapping, multichannel seismic profiling and deep dives. We present here, and briefly discuss, the main morphological characteristics of this feature as derived from swath bathymetric data that considerably help to better assess the lateral and north-south morphostructural variability of the Mediterranean Ridge. This study reveals that the characteristics and morphostructural variability of the Mediterranean Ridge are related to: (1) a specific incipient collision geodynamic setting south of Crete, where the African and Aegean continental margins are nearly in contact, (2) a unique regional kinematics, controlled by frontal convergence south of Crete (central Mediterranean Ridge) and oblique subduction with opposite sense of shear for the western (Ionian) and eastern (Levantine) domains of the Mediterranean Ridge, that explain the lateral variations of deformation and (3) particularities of its sedimentary cover, which includes massive salt layers within the outer Mediterranean Ridge and local salt deposits within the inner domains, that control the north-south morphostructural variability of the sedimentary wedge.

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Geomorphological study of an area with mud diapirs south of Crete (Mediterranean Ridge)

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Tectonic setting and processes of mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex: evidence from Leg 160

Tectonic setting and processes of mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex: evidence from Leg 160

Distribution and geological control of mud volcanoes and other fluid/free gas seepage features in the Mediterranean Sea and nearby Gulf of Cadiz

Morphology of a Pre-collisional, Salt-bearing, Accretionary Complex: The Mediterranean Ridge (Eastern Mediterranean)

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