Geophysical, geochemical and geodetical signals of reawakening at Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica) after almost 150years of quiescence

Martini, Francesca; Tassi, Franco; Vaselli, Orlando; Potro, Rodrigo del; Martínez, María del Mar Martínez; Laat, R. Van del; Fernández, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.09.021

Cited by 54 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Reports from the 1864 to 1866 VEI 2 eruptions suggest ash fell as far as 125 km from the source (Reagan et al 2006), which implies fallout from ash emissions may have been a problem in the Central Valley, the most populated and important economic area of Costa Rica. after 150 years of quiescence, a phreatic eruption, preceded by a gradual increase of activity, opened a new vent on the south-western side of the west crater on 5 January 2010 (Vaselli et al 2010;Martini et al 2010). The resulting new vent (Boca 2010) became the main contributor to the Turrialba plume.…”

Section: Turrialba Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Conde

Robidoux

Avard³

et al. 2014

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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crateric SO 2 emissions, and electrochemical/nDIR multicomponent gas analyser system (multi-GaS) instruments for measuring CO 2 /SO 2 ratios of excerpts of the volcanic plume. This study aims to quantify the representativeness of excerpts of CO 2 /SO 2 ratios measured by Multi-GaS as a fraction of the whole plume composition, by comparison with simultaneously measured CO 2 /SO 2 ratios using crosscrater Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Two study cases are presented: Telica volcano (nicaragua), with a homogenous plume, quiescent degassing from a deep source and ambient temperature, and Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica), which has a non-homogeneous plume from three main sources with different compositions and temperatures. Our comparison shows that in our "easier case" (Telica), FTIR and Multi-GaS CO 2 /SO 2 ratios agree within a factor about 3 %. In our "complicated case" (Turrialba), Multi-GaS and FTIR yield CO 2 /SO 2 ratios differing by approximately 13-25 % at most. These results suggest that a fair estimation of volcanic CO 2 emissions can be provided by the combination of DOaS and Multi-GaS instruments for volcanoes with similar degassing conditions as Telica or Turrialba. Based on the results of this comparison, we report that by the time our measurements were made, Telica and Turrialba were emitting approximately 100 and 1,000 t day −1 of CO 2 , respectively.

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Section: Turrialba Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Conde

Robidoux

Avard³

et al. 2014

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…For example, diffuse CO 2 degassing integrated with seismic analysis was used by Werner et al (2014) to highlight the periodic injection of fresh magma underneath Mammoth Mountain. In our case, Turrialba volcano has experienced a reawakening process which has lasted ∼20 years (Martini et al, 2010;de Moor et al, 2016a) and Poás' activity is particularly variable (Fischer et al, 2015;de Moor et al, 2016b) and seems to have stages of enhanced volcanic activity and stages of quiescence that alternate every 6-12 years (Rymer et al, 2000(Rymer et al, , 2005(Rymer et al, , 2009. Diffuse degassing monitoring could thus be an interesting tool for long term monitoring (Allard et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1996Chiodini et al, , 1998Chiodini et al, , 2001Giammanco et al, 1998;Hernández et al, 1998Hernández et al, , 2001Melián et al, 2001Melián et al, , 2010Salazar et al, 2001;Shimoike et al, 2002;Hernández Perez et al, 2003;Carapezza and Granieri, 2004;Galindo et al, 2004;Lewicki et al, 2005;Notsu et al, 2006;Werner and Cardellini, 2006;Carapezza et al, 2009;Viveiros et al, 2010;Peltier et al, 2012;Werner et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

et al. 2017

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Active volcanoes exhibit diffuse gas emanations through the ground, the most abundant species of which is CO 2 . However, the relationship between diffuse degassing and volcanic activity is not often clear and some volcanoes may have low diffuse degassing levels despite having strong volcanic activity. The main goals of this study are to quantify diffuse CO 2 degassing and determine whether patterns exist in relation to volcanic activity through the study of Turrialba, Poás, and Irazú, three active volcanoes in Costa Rica which are at different stages of activity. Structural controls of spatial distribution of diffuse degassing were also investigated. Measurement campaigns were conducted using the accumulation chamber method coupled with 10 cm depth ground temperature sampling with the aim of estimating the total diffuse CO 2 degassing budget. The total amount of CO 2 emitted diffusely by each volcano is ∼113 ± 46 t/d over ∼0.705 km 2 for Turrialba, 0.9 ± 0.5 t/d for Poás over ∼0.734 km 2 , 3.8 ± 0.9 t/d over ∼0.049 km 2 for Irazú's main crater, and 15 ± 12 t/d over 0.0059 km 2 for Irazú's north flank. Turrialba and Poás volcano diffuse degassing budget represent about 10% of the whole gas output. Both volcanoes were in a transitional stage and the opening of new conduits may cause a loss in diffuse degassing and an increase of active degassing. Numerous diffuse degassing structures were also identified. At Turrialba, one of which was closely associated with the collapse of a crater wall in 2014 during the initiation of a new period of heightened eruptive activity. Similar structures were also observed on the outer slopes of the west crater, suggesting strong alteration and perhaps destabilization of the upper outer cone. Irazú's north flank is highly permeable and has experienced intense hydrothermal alteration.

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“…Clear plume degassing resumed in early 2007 (Fig. 5a), and SO 2 fluxes reached 740 t/d in January 2008 (Martini et al 2010). In late 2009, fumarolic degassing was vigorous and extended into the Arbol Quemado fracture, newly formed in 2002.…”

Section: Tracking Hydrothermal Unrest and Related Hazards: Methods Frmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 2001, increased fumarolic activity (appearance of SO 2 in late 2001) was paired to seismic swarms and ground deformation (Martini et al 2010;Vaselli et al 2009) (i.e. unrest).…”

Section: Tracking Hydrothermal Unrest and Related Hazards: Methods Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fluid Geochemistry and Volcanic Unrest: Dissolving the Haze in Time and Space

Rouwet

Hidalgo

Joseph

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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The heat and gas released by a degassing magma affects the overlying predominantly meteoric aquifers to form magmatic-hydrothermal systems inside the solid body of a volcano. This chapter reviews how fluid geochemical signals help to track the evolution throughout the various stages of volcanic unrest. A direct view into a degassing magma is possible at open-conduit degassing volcanoes. Nevertheless, in most cases gas is trapped (i.e. scrubbed) by abundant water, leading to the loss of the pure signal the magma ideally provides. Deciphering how magmatic gas rises through, reacts, and re-equilibrates with the liquids in the magmatic-hydrothermal system in time and space is the only way to trace back to the pure signal. The most indicative magmatic gas species (CO 2 , SO 2 -H 2 S, HCl and HF) are released as a function of their solubility in magma. The less soluble gas species are released early from a magma at higher pressure conditions (CO 2 ) (deeper), whereas the more soluble species are released later, at lower pressures (SO 2 , HCl and HF) (shallower depth). When these gases hit the water during their rise towards the surface, they will be more or less scrubbed. Depending on the chemical equilibria inside the magmatic-hydrothermal system (e.g. SO 2 -H 2 S conversion, acidity), the gas that eventually reaches the surface will carry the history of its rise from bottom to top. Tracking volcanic unrest implies a time frame; the kinetics of magma degassing throughout the liquid cocktail inside the volcano impose the maximum resolution the volcano provides and hence the monitoring time window to be adopted for each volcano. Gas-dominated systems are "faster" and require a higher monitoring frequency, water-dominated systems are slower and require a lower monitoring frequency. ResumenEl calor y gas liberados por la desgasificación del magma afecta los acuíferos de origen predominantemente meteórico para formar sistemas magmático-hidrotermales dentro el cuerpo sólido del volcán. Este capítulo revisa como la geoquímica de fluidos puede ayudar a trazar la evolución a través de las varias etapas de "unrest" volcánico. Una visión directa dentro de un magma en desgasificación es solo posible para volcanes de conducto abierto. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las situaciones el gas queda atrapado (i.e. "scrubbing") en el agua, que conduce a la pérdida de la señal pura que el magma idealmente puede proporcionar. Descifrar como el magma sube a través de los líquidos, y reacciona y re-equilibra con ellos dentro el sistema magmático-hidrotermal, en un marco de tiempo y espacio, es la única manera para rastrear el origen de la señal del magma. La desgasificación de magma se da por cuatro procesos: (1) durante la subida de magma, (2) por la descompresión debido al eliminar una porción del edificio volcánico, (3) debido a la convección interna dentro la cámara magmática, o (4) después de "ebullición secundaria" siguiendo el enfriamiento y consecuente cristalización. Las especies gaseosas magmáti-cas más indicativas (CO 2 , ...

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Geophysical, geochemical and geodetical signals of reawakening at Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica) after almost 150years of quiescence

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

Fluid Geochemistry and Volcanic Unrest: Dissolving the Haze in Time and Space

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