Geopolitical risks, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in BRICS: an asymmetric analysis

Zhao, Weijun; Zhong, Ruoyu; Sohail, Sidra; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq; Ullah, Sana

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13505-5

Cited by 105 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This validates the second hypothesis that the mitigating effect is stronger than the escalating effect. These findings are backed by [8,20]. GPR discourages economic growth and energy consumption, consequently it plunges environmental degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the literature on the relationship between GPR and environmental quality, GPR mitigates renewable energy consumption and investment in R&D. as a result, GPR leads to environmental degradation [19]. Recently, one of the studies reports that GPR asymmetrically effects carbon emissions in BRICS countries [20]. 15 Globalized countries qantile-on-quantile regression Globalization [55] South Asian countries Panel ARDL Globalization and technology [56] Nigeria NARDL approach Financial development…”

Section: Literature On the Impact Of Epu And Gpr On Environmental Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is imperative for the researchers to explore the net impact of GPR on environmental degradation. In the prior literature regarding the impact of GPR on environment, there exists contrasting conclusion [19,20] which propels researchers to further investigate this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Do Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk Lead to Environmental Degradation? Evidence from Emerging Economies

et al. 2021

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Since the turn of twenty first century, economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and geopolitical risk (GPR) have escalated across the globe. These two factors have both economic and environmental impacts. However, there exists dearth of literature that expounds the impact of EPU and GPR on environmental degradation. This study, therefore, probes the impact of EPU and GPR on ecological footprint (proxy for environmental degradation) in selected emerging economies. Cross-sectional dependence test, slope heterogeneity test, Westerlund co-integration test, fully modified least ordinary least square estimator, dynamic OLS estimator, and augmented mean group estimator are employed to conduct the robust analyses. The findings reveal that EPU and non-renewable energy consumption escalate ecological footprint, whereas GPR and renewable energy plunge ecological footprint. In addition, findings from the causality test reveal both uni-directional and bi-directional causality between a few variables. Based on the findings, we deduce several policy implications to accomplish the sustainable development goals in emerging economies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature On the Impact Of Epu And Gpr On Environmental Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk Lead to Environmental Degradation? Evidence from Emerging Economies

et al. 2021

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“…The study concludes that GPR mitigates environmental degradation. Zhao et al ( 2021 ) examined the asymmetric impact of GPR on carbon emissions in the case of BRICS countries using the NARDL approach. The findings from the study reveal that the impact of GPR on carbon emissions is asymmetric, and it is heterogeneous across the BRICS countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do geopolitical risk and energy consumption contribute to environmental degradation? Evidence from E7 countries

Husnain

Syed

Bashir

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Environmental degradation is frequently cited as one of the eminent issues in the modern era. To limit environmental degradation, prior literature discerns several macroeconomic, socio-economic, and institutional factors that affect environmental degradation. However, the relationship between geopolitical risk and environmental degradation is understudied in the previous literature. To fill this gap, the inquiry at hand aims to scrutinize the influence of geopolitical risk on environmental degradation for E7 countries while controlling the effect of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and GDP. Further, we utilize both the ecological footprint and CO 2 emissions as proxies of environmental degradation and employ second-generation panel methods for robust findings. In addition to this, the present study uses augmented mean group (AMG) estimator to provide long-run relationship among the selected variables. The findings from the AMG estimator expound that there exists environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for E7 countries. Moreover, renewable energy ameliorates environmental quality because it plunges both ecological footprint and CO 2 emissions. On the contrary, non-renewable energy consumption escalates both ecological footprint and CO 2 emissions. Finally, geopolitical risk tends to decrease CO 2 emissions as well as ecological footprint. Our findings deduce a few policy implications to replenish environmental quality. For instance, the share of renewables in the energy mix should be surged to ameliorate the environmental quality. Further, to control both the geopolitical risk and environmental degradation at the same time, policymakers should put forward reforms and initiatives (e.g., policies to escalate R&D, technological innovations, and tax exemptions on imports of renewables) that can help to improve environmental quality without affecting geopolitical risk. At times of low geopolitical risk, environmental degradation will surge; therefore, the rate of environmental control taxes should be increased by the policymakers.

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“…ey further found that industrial growth and fossil fuels' energy increase carbon emission. Zhao et al [24] ey found that the use of renewable energy had a negative impact on emissions and that water intake would increase emissions. ey further proved the EKC hypothesis.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources for Environmental Quality: Dynamic Investigation in Developing Countries

Khan

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Most of developing countries are facing environmental degradation challenges as these countries use energy from fossil fuels to enhance economic activities and that leads to environmental degradation. The use of renewable energy is required to mitigate environmental degradation; however, developing countries may not yet have reached the desired level to acquire renewable energy. It is important for developing countries to make polices to shift from nonrenewable energy to renewable energy use to protect environmental quality. In this regard, the importance of different energy sources and financial development in enhancing environmental quality in 21 developing countries is examined from 1970 to 2018. The study employed dynamic estimator, and the results indicate that the sources of renewable energy enhance environmental quality as compared to nonrenewable energy and its sources. Financial development also lowers environmental quality in our results. The study recommends reducing carbon emissions by reducing the use of fossil fuel energy and acquiring new technologies, attracting foreign investors in clean energy that provide clean technologies for green production, and investing in renewable energy sources to evade nonrenewable energy. Policy makers should adopt environmentally-friendly strategies and equipment to protect environmental quality, while striving for achieving economic growth.

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Geopolitical risks, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in BRICS: an asymmetric analysis

Cited by 105 publications

References 31 publications

Do Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk Lead to Environmental Degradation? Evidence from Emerging Economies

Do Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk Lead to Environmental Degradation? Evidence from Emerging Economies

Do geopolitical risk and energy consumption contribute to environmental degradation? Evidence from E7 countries

Analyzing Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources for Environmental Quality: Dynamic Investigation in Developing Countries

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