Georeferenced four-dimensional virtual environments: principles and applications

Raper, Jonathan; McCarthy, Tim; Williams, N. V.

doi:10.1016/s0198-9715(98)00026-x

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Until quite recently, little attempt has been made to manage geographic information using true 3 -D or 4 -D representations. Innovative research studies demonstrate the development of 3-D and/or 4-D GIS prototypes, which can manage multi-variate and m ulti-dimensional datasets and output 3-D models, and/or animations (Raper et al, 1998;Doellner and Hinrichs, 2000;Edsall et al, 2000;Kreuseler, 2000;Morris et al, 2000) and virtual reality applications (Haase et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web-Based Virtual Models for the Earth Science Community

Sabine

Barak

Rooney³

2001

2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001

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Optimized agricultural management depends on reliable and detailed information describing the spatial distribution of soils, geology (parent material), and topography. Subsurface attributes (earth data) have in common that they vary through three-dimensional (3-D) space and through time. Our goal was to overcome current limitations of geographic information systems to manage, analyze, and visualize geographic data in two dimensions (2-D). In this paper we present an approach to reconstruct and visualize soil-landscapes with focus on web-based dissemination of model output. Our approach is multi-dimensional, multi-variate, spatially object-oriented, transferable, scalable, and expandable. We used geo-referenced subsurface and topographic attributes from several sites in southern Wisconsin and northwestern Ohio to demonstrate the capabilities of our approach. Reconstruction was based on 2-D and 3-D ordinary kriging utilizing Environmental Visualization System (EVS) software and implemented in Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). Three different types of soil-landscape models were distinguished: (i) Models representing subsurface attributes as points (ii) Models representing subsurface objects as polyhedrons or "volume models" and (iii) Block models consisting of voxels (volume cells). A server hosts the virtual soil-landscape models, which are accessible by multi-clients via an interface coded in HTML. These models are interactive, platform independent and enable users to analyze, explore and gain insight into the spatial distribution of topographic and subsurface attributes in 3-D geographic space. Numerous agricultural tasks are supported using our approach including 3-D soil surveys, informed decision-making, assessment of environmental quality, farm management, land use planning, and many more. Virtual soil-landscape models are beneficial in disseminating geo-referenced earth data to educators, researchers, government agencies, and the general public.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web-Based Virtual Models for the Earth Science Community

Sabine

Barak

Rooney³

2001

2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001

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“…Orland et al (1994) developed SmartForest system which is a visualization tool for forest landscape [21]. Raper et al (1998) made virtual environments by linking aerial video images to map and by showing 3D terrain model in real time [23]. Danahy (2001) showed a panoramic presentation system by using computers (Silicon Graphics O2) synchronized on a network and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projectors [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Virtual Reality and Plant Modeling for Participation in Urban Planning and Design

Lim¹,

Umeki²,

Honjo³

2009

IJVR

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In landscape planning, visualization of landscape is a powerful tool for public understanding and for selection of alternative plans. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) computer graphics (CG) were used as visualization tools of environment because it has the ability to accurately simulate the changes caused by a proposed plan. In particular, virtual reality (VR), which enables to walk through in a modeled park or in a visualized forest, was considered as the advanced technique of landscape visualization. In this study, we developed a landscape visualization system with graphic user interface, which we named VR-Terrain (GUI version), to generate the virtual reality image easily by using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and plant modeling techniques. In order to test the feasibility of the landscape visualization system, we applied the system to Ichinoe Urban Design Plan. Ichinoe is located at Edogawa Ward, Tokyo. There is a Sakaikawa Shinsui Park with water space surrounded by large amount of green. In the case study, we simulated the landscape of Sakaikawa Shinsui Park with about 200 plants and 300 buildings. We used the images simulated by VR-Terrain to explain the concept (such as building height limit) to the residents in the public meetings. It took about 30 hours to make the 3D model of the town. After ten minutes of training, anybody can walk through in the simulated town freely. The results showed that the VR image by the system helped the public understanding of the concept of the urban plan.

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“…Until quite recently, little attempt has been made to manage geographic information using true 3D or four-dimensional (4D) representations. Innovative research studies demonstrate the development of 3D and/or 4D GIS prototypes, which can manage multi-variate and multi-dimensional datasets and output 3D models, and/or animations (Raper et al 1998, Doellner and Hinrichs 2000, Edsall et al 2000, Kreuseler 2000, Morris et al 2000 and virtual reality applications (Haase et al 2000). Yet most commercial available GIS softwares are not true multi-dimensional GIS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Geographic Reconstruction and Visualization Techniques Applied to Land Resource Management

Grunwald

Barak

2003

Transactions in GIS

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Optimized land resource management depends on reliable and detailed information describing the spatial distribution of soils, geology, topography, and land use. Soillandscapes are three-dimensional (3D) systems commonly represented using 2D maps utilizing geographic information systems. Addressing 3D soil-landscape reality is crucial for land resource management in terms of crop growth and transport processes (e.g. nitrate leaching) that are driving soil and water quality. Our objective was to investigate the usefulness of 3D geographic information technology (GIT) applied to land resource management. Our approach is based on 2D and 3D ordinary kriging interpolating surface and subsurface attributes to reconstruct soil-landscapes. We used Virtual Reality Modeling Language, which is a web-based 3D graphics language, to visualize objects (e.g. voxels, polyhedrons) representing soil and landscape attributes. We produced a 3D block model showing the spatial distribution of bulk densities and relief for a site in southern Wisconsin and a 3D stratigraphic model showing the spatial distribution of soil horizons and relief for a site in northern Florida. Emerging GIT was used to develop 3D soil-landscape models describing continuous changes of soil and landscape attributes. Combining multimedia elements (e.g. WWW, 3D visualization, and interactivity) can produce insight that would not arise from use of the elements alone. Three-dimensional scientific visualization is a powerful tool to help us see what is invisible from above the ground.

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Georeferenced four-dimensional virtual environments: principles and applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Web-Based Virtual Models for the Earth Science Community

Web-Based Virtual Models for the Earth Science Community

Application of Virtual Reality and Plant Modeling for Participation in Urban Planning and Design

3D Geographic Reconstruction and Visualization Techniques Applied to Land Resource Management

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