Geospace system responses to the St. Patrick's Day storms in 2013 and 2015

Zhang, Shun‐Rong; Zhang, Yongliang; Wang, Wenbin; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.

doi:10.1002/2017ja024232

Cited by 58 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This indicated that the latitude dependence and altitude dependence of temperature changes during geomagnetic storms are not well characterized and understood, especially for the altitude below 100 km and in latitude regions outside the auroral oval. During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day (17 March) geomagnetic storm (Verkhoglyadova et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017), the temperature measured by the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument onboard the Aeronomy for Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite provides a good opportunity to study the latitude and altitude dependence of temperature changes during geomagnetic storms, which will be the main subject of this paper.…”

Section: 1029/2018gl078039mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By analyzing the temperature data derived from a meteor radar at Andenes (69°N), Pancheva et al (2007) found a significant cooling (~25 K) at~90 km during storms in late October 2003. Subsequently, Nesse Tyssøy et al (2010) (Verkhoglyadova et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017), the temperature measured by the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument onboard the Aeronomy for Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite provides a good opportunity to study the latitude and altitude dependence of temperature changes during geomagnetic storms, which will be the main subject of this paper. Nesse Tyssøy et al (2008) noted that the temperature variation below 90 km was dominated by atmospheric waves and was not related to the SPEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…shows geographic and geomagnetic latitudes of SOFIE sampling latitudes(Figures 3a and 3c)and quiet time baselines and the storm time changes of the zonal running mean temperature (Figures 3b and 3d) in the NH and SH. These events provide great opportunities to understand the responses of the ionosphere and thermosphere, as well as their coupling, to geomagnetic storms(Zhang et al, 2017). Temperature Around the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic StormA number of studies have aimed to address different aspects of the geospace system response to the St. Patrick's Day (mid of March) storms in 2012, 2013, and 2015.…”

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Responses of Lower Thermospheric Temperature to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm

Xiao

Yue

Wang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The altitude‐ and latitude‐dependent responses of neutral temperature in the lower thermosphere to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm have been studied using neutral temperature measurements from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument onboard the AIM satellite. Both SABER and SOFIE observations revealed that both temperature increase (having peaks of ~15–25 K) and decrease (having peak of ~15 K), which were associated with the storm, occurred in the two hemispheres. The magnitudes of temperature variations changed with latitude, altitude, and the phase of the storm. The peaks of the temperature increase occurred 0.5–1.5 days later than the peak of the AE index, depending on latitude and height. Global circulation changes initiated due to heating and ion drag in the auroral region are likely responsible for the temperature increases or decreases in the lower thermosphere.

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Section: 1029/2018gl078039mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of Lower Thermospheric Temperature to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm

Xiao

Yue

Wang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The first storm called the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2015 was the most severe (min Dst = −223 nT) storm of current solar cycle 24. The interplanetary origin of this St. Patrick's Day storm and its consequences on the Earth's F and E regions of ionosphere and magnetosphere is one of the most studied space weather events of solar cycle 24 with most articles published under JGR‐Space Physics special collection on “Geospace system responses to the St. Patrick's Day storms in 2013 and 2015” (Zhang et al, ). Astafyeva et al () presented a global ionospheric response of this storm using multi‐instrument (GPS receiver, Ionosonde, and Satellite) observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm of March 2015 and of June 2015 on Low‐Equatorial D Region Ionosphere

Maurya

Venkatesham²,

Kumar

et al. 2018

JGR Space Physics

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D region effects of the 17–19 March 2015, a St Patrick's Day super geomagnetic storm (Dst = −223 nT), using a navigational transmitter very low frequency (VLF) signal (NWC, 19.8 kHz) recorded at a low‐latitude Indian station, Allahabad (geomag. lat., 16.45°N), have been analyzed and compared with similar strength of the 22–25 June 2015 storm (Dst = −204 nT). During the March storm, NWC signal amplitude decreased on 17 March (main phase of the storm) and recovered on 27 March, which is 1 day after the recovery of the storm, whereas for the June storm, VLF amplitude decreased for 2 days only during its recovery phase. The decrease in the amplitude was pronounced during evening terminator for both the storms. The modeling of VLF signal anomaly on 17 March and on 25 June using Long‐Wave Propagation Capability code shows an increase in the D region reference height (h′) by ~2.6 km and ~2.5 km, for March and June storms, respectively. The D region electron density (Ne) determined using storm time h′ and sharpness factor β shows a decrease in the Ne during the main phase followed by a slow recovery during the recovery phase of the March storm, whereas June 2015 storm showed a decrease in the Ne only on 25 and 26 June. Morlet Wavelet analysis of the amplitude for both the storms shows a presence of strong wave‐like signatures, suggesting propagation of atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionosphere disturbances to the low latitude D region due to the Joule heating at high latitudes.

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“…The St. Patrick Day geomagnetic storm of 17–19 March 2015 was the most intense storm of the current solar cycle 24 with a minimum Dst index of −222 nT. This storm is the most studied space weather event of solar cycle 24 with most articles published under JGR‐Space Physics special collection on “Geospace system responses to the St. Patrick's Day storms in 2013 and 2015” (Zhang et al, ). Using multi‐instrument (GPS receiver, Ionosonde, and Satellite) data, Astafyeva et al () analyzed the global ionospheric response of the March 2015 storm and found a complex effect varying with longitude and hemisphere, showing both positive and negative ionospheric storms in the TEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Response to the St. Patrick's Day Space Weather Events in March 2012, 2013, and 2015 at Southern Low and Middle Latitudes

Kumar

2019

JGR Space Physics

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The changes in critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and foF2 deviation (ΔfoF2) have been determined for three geomagnetic storms in March of the years 2012, 2013, and 2015 at low‐latitude stations, Darwin (geomag. lat. 21.96°S) and Townsville (28.95°S), and midlatitude stations, Brisbane (36.73°S), Canberra (45.65°S), and Hobart (54.17°S). The moderate storm during 15–16 March 2012 (Dst = −87 nT) showed a decrease in foF2 at midlatitude and no effect at low‐latitude stations. For the intense storm of 17–18 March 2013 (Dst = −132 nT) and the super storm of 17–18 March 2015 (Dst = −222 nT), some middle‐ to low‐latitude stations showed a short‐duration increase in foF2, but all stations showed a long‐duration decrease in foF2 during the recovery phases with ΔfoF2% varying from 26% (Darwin) to 36.6% at Hobart for the March 2013 storm and above 40% for the March 2015 storm at all of the stations. Short‐duration (~2–4 hr) increase in foF2 seems to be associated with the prompt penetrating electric fields. Long‐duration (>6 hr) decrease in foF2 is mainly accounted to the decrease in thermospheric O/N2 density ratio because of storm‐induced high‐latitude circulation of gas with depleted O/N2 density ratio to lower latitudes and partly due to disturbance dynamo electric fields. A comparison of ionosonde given foF2 for equinoctial storms (March 2013 and 2015) with similar strength Southern Hemisphere winter storms (July 2012 and June 2015) has been made with the IRI‐2016 model foF2 for Darwin, Brisbane, and Canberra stations.

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Geospace system responses to the St. Patrick's Day storms in 2013 and 2015

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Responses of Lower Thermospheric Temperature to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm

Responses of Lower Thermospheric Temperature to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm

Effects of St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm of March 2015 and of June 2015 on Low‐Equatorial D Region Ionosphere

Ionospheric Response to the St. Patrick's Day Space Weather Events in March 2012, 2013, and 2015 at Southern Low and Middle Latitudes

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