Geospatial visualisation of food contaminant distributions: Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and aflatoxins

Li, Zhihua; Gong, Yun; Holmes, Mel; Pan, Xiaoxi; Xu, Yanhua; Zhang, Xiaobo; Fernandes, Alwyn

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.080

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the PCNs concentrations in muscle and liver tissues were lower than those reported in previous studies [110][111][112] . Penta-CNs were dominant in both muscles and gonads, constituting 55.6% and 39.8%, respectively, similar to the results from previous studies on various fish samples [81,108,113,114] . Zhihua et al [115] also analysed PCNs concentrations in 75 different fish species from UK, Ireland and France.…”

Section: Fishsupporting

confidence: 89%

A review on levels of polychlorinated naphthalenes in matrices with emphasis on knowledge and research gaps priorities in Africa

Nevondo¹,

Okonkwo²

2022

J Environ Expo Assess

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Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were listed as Persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention, in May 2015, because of their adverse health and environmental effects. PCNs production began in the early 1900s when they were used extensively in several consumer goods as fire retardants. However, because of their health and environmental implications, the production and use of PCNs chemicals were voluntarily banned in many countries in the 1970s and 1980s. However, PCNs are still detected in different environmental samples including air, water, sediments, soil, indoor dust, biota, consumer products, human diet, blood and serum today, as a result of their historical use and unintentional production. Thus, PCNs can be released into the environment throughout their life cycle. It becomes, therefore, crucial to monitor them in different environmental compartments. To date, about 163 reports on PCNs levels in several matrices have been published in different parts of the world. It was reported that toxic PCNs such as chloronaphthalenes 66, 67 and 73 are prevalent in most samples; thus, there is a need to continuously monitor these congeners in our environment. However, there are sparse studies related to PCNs levels, not only in consumer products, leachates and sediment samples from landfill sites in Africa but also in other matrices, leaving a huge research gap that must be prioritized. To date, only about 3 studies on PCNs have been published in Africa, bearing in mind that there is no documented evidence of any known production of PCNs in the continent. Thus, a wide research gap in PCNs studies still exists in Africa. There is an urgent need, therefore, to conduct studies and establish robust PCNs inventories in Africa. The present review examines the existing knowledge on PCNs levels and trends in Africa, and identifies research gaps that ought to be addressed so that the scale of PCNs distribution in the global environment can be known.

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Section: Fishsupporting

confidence: 89%

A review on levels of polychlorinated naphthalenes in matrices with emphasis on knowledge and research gaps priorities in Africa

Nevondo¹,

Okonkwo²

2022

J Environ Expo Assess

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“…Aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1 ) is considered the most significant risk factor among mycotoxins and the most frequently found aflatoxin in contaminated foods and feed [5][6][7]. Due to its stability and heat-resistant nature, not all food processing methods are efficient at removing AFB 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artichoke Leaf Extract-Mediated Neuroprotection against Effects of Aflatoxin in Male Rats

Ibrahim

Yousef

Ghareeb

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Attenuation of adverse effects of aflatoxin (AFB1) in brains of B1 rats by extracts of leaves of artichoke was studied. The active ingredients in extracts of leaves of artichoke, Cynara scolymus L., were determined by HPLC analysis. In the 42-day experiment, rats were exposed to either sterile water, 4% DMSO, 100 mg artichoke leaf extract/kg body mass, 72 μg aflatoxin B1/kg body mass, or AFB1 plus artichoke leaf extract. Neurotoxicity of AFB1 was determined by an increase in profile of lipids, augmentation of plasmatic glucose and concentrations of insulin, oxidative stress, increased activities of cholinergic enzymes, and a decrease in activities of several antioxidant enzymes and pathological changes in brain tissue. Extracts of artichoke leaf significantly reduced adverse effects caused by AFB1, rescuing most of the parameters to values similar to unexposed controls, which demonstrated that adverse, neurotoxic effects caused by aflatoxin B1 could be significantly reduced by simultaneous dietary supplementation with artichoke leaf extract, which itself is not toxic.

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“…Data on abiotic media showed PCNs decreasing in sediment cores from the UK with peaks in 1980and in 1960s (Gevao et al, 2000. A similar study on two sediment cores from the Jiaozhou Bay (Yellow Sea) showed that PCN contamination within the Bay decreasing from the elevated levels in the early 1990s, to 34.9 pg g -1 dm around 2000, while outside the Bay the peak levels of the mid-1970s decreased in later years up to the late 1990s (Pan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pcn #70 Time Trends and Compositional Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional profiles, persistency and toxicity of polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners in edible cod liver products from 1972 to 2017

Falandysz

Fernandes

2020

Environmental Pollution

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Geospatial visualisation of food contaminant distributions: Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and aflatoxins

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Geospatial visualisation of food contaminant distributions: Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and aflatoxins.

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

A review on levels of polychlorinated naphthalenes in matrices with emphasis on knowledge and research gaps priorities in Africa

A review on levels of polychlorinated naphthalenes in matrices with emphasis on knowledge and research gaps priorities in Africa

Artichoke Leaf Extract-Mediated Neuroprotection against Effects of Aflatoxin in Male Rats

Compositional profiles, persistency and toxicity of polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners in edible cod liver products from 1972 to 2017

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