Geotechnical and hydrochemical properties of sewage sludge

Diliūnas, Jonas; Dundulis, Kastytis; Gadeikis, Saulius; Jurevičius, Arūnas; Kaminskas, Mykolas

doi:10.1007/s10064-010-0279-x

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Further, they typically exhibit very low shear strength, very high compressibility, swelling and shrinkage potentials and have very to extremely low permeability (Arulrajah et al (2011, Aydilek et al (2000), Chen et al (2014), Diliūnas et al (2010), Disfani et al (2013Disfani et al ( , 2015, Kayser et al (2011), Klein and Sarsby (2000), Koenig and Bari (2001), Lin et al (2014), Lo et al (2002), O'Kelly (2006O'Kelly ( , 2008aO'Kelly ( , 2008bO'Kelly ( , 2010O'Kelly ( , 2013aO'Kelly ( , 2014aO'Kelly ( , 2016aO'Kelly ( , 2016b, Quille (2009, 2010), Wang et al (1992), Wang and Tseng (1993), Wichmann and Riehl (1997), Zhan et al (2014), to name a few). For landfilled material, chemicals added during the water/ wastewater treatment processes tend to enhance the strength properties but reduce the level and rate of consolidation achievable on-site (O'Kelly and Quille, 2010).…”

Section: Typical Geotechnical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Elliott et al (1990), the mineralisation rates of organic carbon and nitrogen in alum WTRs are similar to those of natural soils. Biosolids and sewage sludge materials have a higher organic matter content and a propensity to degrade and produce biogas for pH <11 Kayser et al, 2011), such that their compositions and hence engineering behaviour/properties change over time, with the rate and intensity of these changes largely governed by prevailing geoenvironmental conditions (Diliūnas et al, 2010;O'Kelly, 2005aO'Kelly, , 2006O'Kelly, , 2016c. Another distinctive feature of biosolids and sewage sludge materials is their viscous gel-like pore fluids produced by the high concentration of dissolved solids, high bonding or adsorption of the liquid phase within and around the aggregate flocs and some form of biological coagulation between the pore fluid and organic solids (Klein and Sarsby, 2000;O'Kelly, 2008bO'Kelly, , 2013aSarsby, 2005).…”

Section: Typical Geotechnical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosolids and sewage sludge amended with additives such as lime, fly ash, cement and (or) slag can be used as construction materials (Lim et al, 2002) -for example, as landfill cover Diliūnas et al, 2010;He et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2005) or as structural fill material in road embankments Wanigaratne and Udamulla, 2012), with special protection required in the event that there is potential for leaching/ flow to adjoining water bodies (Arulrajah et al, 2011). Alum and lime WTR has the potential for use as a liner material for sanitary landfills (Raghu et al, 1987).…”

Section: Management Of These Waste Streams and Principal Disposal Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ongoing biodegradation of biosolids and sewage sludge reduces the solids mass (volume) due to loss of susceptible organic matter, as reflected by the reduction in TVS and increase in specific gravity (Diliūnas et al, 2010;O'Kelly, 2005aO'Kelly, , 2006O'Kelly, , 2008bZhan et al, 2014). For instance, sewage sludge 1 slurry material was stored outdoors in drums and allowed to biodegrade naturally for a 13-year period at ambient temperatures of 5-15°C (O' Kelly, 2006Kelly, , 2008b.…”

Section: Specific Gravity Of Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, they typically exhibit very low shear strength, very high compressibility, swelling and shrinkage potentials and have very to extremely low permeability (Arulrajah et al (2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2010, 2013a, 2014a, 2016a, 2016b) The combination of very high water and organic matter contents and very low strength, on the one hand, and high to very high potential of compacted material to deform (settle) excessively under applied loads on the other makes biosolids and sewage sludge materials problematic for use in virtually any form of construction (Kayser et al, 2011). Biosolids and sewage sludge amended with additives such as lime, fly ash, cement and (or) slag can be used as construction materials (Lim et al, 2002) -for example, as landfill cover Diliūnas et al, 2010;He et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2005) or as structural fill material in road embankments Wanigaratne and Udamulla, 2012), with special protection required in the event that there is potential for leaching/ flow to adjoining water bodies (Arulrajah et al, 2011). Alum and lime WTR has the potential for use as a liner material for sanitary landfills (Raghu et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of reported field and laboratory investigations and theoretical work concerning the geotechnical behaviour/properties of water treatment residue (WTR), biosolids and sewage sludge materials, which are by-products of municipal water and wastewater treatment processes. After describing the backgrounds to the generation of these materials and various disposal options (with a focus on landfilling), including associated geotechnical issues, their physical, geotechnical index, compaction, undrained strength and effective-stress strength properties are described, including the effects of oxidation, biodegradation and viscous gellike pore fluid for biosolids/sewage sludge material. Characteristic compressibility, consolidation and permeability behaviour/properties are also presented for these materials and linked with microstructure and the chemicals added during the treatment processes. The paper then focuses on various geotechnical issues pertinent to landfill (monofill) disposal of these materials, including undrained strength requirements, design strength, on-site and laboratory strength measurements and water content-strength correlations. Since such correlations are material specific, with the geotechnical properties of biosolids, sewage sludge and WTR materials varying between water/wastewater treatment plants, they cannot be applied more widely with confidence. Alternative approaches to predicting undrained strength are described, including a power-law strength relationship with water content, which can be applied more generally. , 2008a). The type and amount of chemicals added depends on the nature of the source water, but primarily on its turbidity and hardness. The coagulants cause the colloidal particles present to aggregate into flocs (with the polyelectrolyte also acting as a binding agent to increase their inherent shear strength) that are more readily separated out by settling processes, removing not only the impurities but also the chemical additives. NotationThe residue so formed is categorised as aluminium sulfate (alum) or iron WTR material depending on the coagulant salt, with the former being the most widely used coagulant in the water treatment industry. Lime-softening sludge, composed of typically 80-95 wt% calcite (Raghu and Hsieh, 1986), is the result of softening hard water before its distribution as drinking water.Biosolids and sewage sludge materials are highly organic residue by-products of municipal waste water treatment, with the organic fraction originating principally from human faeces (primary sludge) and bacterial biomass (secondary sludge) and the inorganic fraction derived from materials such as soil, sediment and inorganic residuals (Haynes et al., 2009). According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2015), sewage sludge refers to the solids separated out during the treatment processes, whereas biosolids refers to treated sewage sludge material that meets regulatory pollutant-and pathogen-control requirements for land applica...

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Section: Typical Geotechnical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Typical Geotechnical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Of These Waste Streams and Principal Disposal Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specific Gravity Of Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, they typically exhibit very low shear strength, very high compressibility, swelling and shrinkage potentials and have very to extremely low permeability (Arulrajah et al (2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2010, 2013a, 2014a, 2016a, 2016b) The combination of very high water and organic matter contents and very low strength, on the one hand, and high to very high potential of compacted material to deform (settle) excessively under applied loads on the other makes biosolids and sewage sludge materials problematic for use in virtually any form of construction (Kayser et al, 2011). Biosolids and sewage sludge amended with additives such as lime, fly ash, cement and (or) slag can be used as construction materials (Lim et al, 2002) -for example, as landfill cover Diliūnas et al, 2010;He et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2005) or as structural fill material in road embankments Wanigaratne and Udamulla, 2012), with special protection required in the event that there is potential for leaching/ flow to adjoining water bodies (Arulrajah et al, 2011). Alum and lime WTR has the potential for use as a liner material for sanitary landfills (Raghu et al, 1987).…”

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