Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Turan, Canan; Vinai, Raffaele; Zali, Ramiz Beig

doi:10.3390/su142416710

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The increase in CBR is due to the presence of angular particles in the EDW, which mobilizes the angle of internal friction, resulting in an increase in strength. Similar behavior was observed by several researchers [15,17,20,31,33].…”

Section: California Bearing Ratio (Cbr) Testssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Cinar

2024

Sustainability

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Türkiye is surrounded by active faults that have the potential to produce big earthquakes. Recently, one of these faults has become active. Two earthquakes of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 occurred 9 h apart on 6 February 2023 in Kahramanmaraş. It is reported that 150 million tons of earthquake demolition waste (EDW) is estimated to be produced as a result of those natural hazards. This waste poses a serious risk to both the environment and human health. Its use in geotechnical applications will provide serious environmental benefits. In this study, Afşin–Elbistan fly ash (AEFA) and EDW were used to stabilize weak clayey soils in different proportions. Samples were prepared by separately adding 5, 10, 15, and 20% AEFA and EDW to high-plasticity clay. The AEFA used in this study was used because the production of AEFA is too high, and it is not used in concrete production because it does not comply with the standards and causes serious environmental problems for the region. The Atterberg limit, standard compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on soil samples, and samples were prepared from soil mixtures with various proportions of AEFA and EDW added. In addition, clay mixtures were prepared with EDW by keeping the AEFA ratio constant at 15% and their effects were also investigated. According to Atterberg test results, the natural soil class was determined as high-plasticity clay, the soil class of the mixtures created by adding EDW and AEFA was determined as low-plasticity clay, and all ternary mixtures were determined as low-plasticity silt. In addition, the maximum dry density increased for all mixtures, while the optimum water content decreased. A significant increase was observed in UCS test results, especially in ternary mixtures. While cohesion increased in AEFA mixtures, it decreased in ternary mixtures as the EDW ratio increased. It was observed that the internal friction angle increased in all mixtures. According to CBR test results, it was determined that the binary AEFA mixture ratio was 20%, the binary EDW mixture ratio was 10% and above, and all ratios of the ternary AEFA + EDW mixtures could be used as road sub-base material. After the major earthquake disaster, the use of EDW is of great importance for the environment. As a result, AEFA and EDW were found to enhance the geotechnical properties of clay.

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Section: California Bearing Ratio (Cbr) Testssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Moreover, the addition of EDW and AEFA reduced the clay size fraction of the soils due to flocculation of clay particles through cementation. Therefore, EDW and AEFA treatment made the soil more granular [20,[31][32][33]. Additionally, decreasing PI increased the workability of the soils.…”

Section: Atterberg Limit Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Cinar

2024

Sustainability

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“…Improving geotechnical properties of clayey soils with fly ash has been studied for a while in geotechnical engineering. The recent studies on stabilizing silt and clay soils by fly ash were gathered in a paper as a review and it was shown that fly ash can be used as a substitute material to improve the mechanical properties of fine-grained soils [5]. However, studies on the improvement of sand soils with fly ash have been limited; Kaniraj and Havanagi [6] added fly ash and cement to sand and silt soils and found that cement had a greater effect than fly ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cement and Fly Ash on the Improvement of Fine Sand Soil

Yazıcı,

Unsever

2024

Applied Sciences

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Soil stabilization problems like liquefaction, bearing capacity, permeability, excessive settlement and swelling can be solved by improving soil’s engineering properties by using various methods. The use of fly ash as a stabilizer has become popular in recent years since it is eco-friendly and effective on soil stabilization, especially for fine-grained soils. This study investigated the reuse of fly ash as a stabilizer (5–25% by weight) and cement (constant 3% by weight) as an activator to enhance the geotechnical properties of poorly graded sand (SP). Standard proctor tests were conducted to determine optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight, followed by direct shear box, falling head permeability and CBR tests at the determined optimum water content. Direct shear box experiments were carried out at two relative densities (30% and 80%) and CBR experiments were performed after 7 and 28 days of curing time. The results demonstrated that the addition of fly ash and cement improved the geotechnical properties, including shear strength, permeability and bearing capacity of the fine sand soil.

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“…Hence, feasible ground treatment must be resorted to before constructing any structures on them. Many researchers have conducted extensive studies to produce simple, sustainable, economical, environmentally friendly, and effective methods for ground improvement (Anburuvel, 2023;Ly & El-Sayegh, 2023;Turan et al, 2022;Zada et al, 2023;Ziar et al, 2023). Since then an extensive range of ground improvement techniques have been developed to improve poor ground conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Fly Ash-Cement Kiln Dust Columns for Stabilizing Expansive (Black Cotton) Soils

Pankaja,

Ranjita,

Ramesh

et al. 2023

AAES

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The paper focuses on the potential use of industrial wastes, which are fly ash (FA) and cement kiln dust (CKD), to stabilise expansive soils like black cotton (BC) soil for construction purposes. Although many soil stabilisation methods exist, the placement of columns consisting of industrial wastes has yet to be tested. Knowing the pozzolanic action and mechanism between the waste product and the soil, this method of placing the industrial waste as a remedy should be trialled. Therefore, this paper proposes and investigates the placement of FA-CKD columns into the soil via a series of laboratory experiments using myriad mixtures and combinations of placement of such columns. The effect of moulding water content and curing time on the BC soil’s consolidation and strength behaviour was also assessed here. Through the experiments, it is found that the optimum mixture of FA-CKD for the columns is at 90%-10%, respectively. This column mixture has been evidenced to improve the unconfined compressive strength of the soil significantly, where its performance improves with curing time. The highest strength improvement can be found at optimum moisture content, followed by wet of optimum and dry of optimum, respectively. By placing the columns in the soil with 4.5D spacing, better consolidation behaviour with a reduced swelling potential of BC soil can be found. Based on the above findings, using FA-CKD columns can improve the BC soil’s engineering behaviour, contributing to waste-to-wealth and sustainable soil stabilisation approaches.

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Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Investigation of Cement and Fly Ash on the Improvement of Fine Sand Soil

Suitability of Fly Ash-Cement Kiln Dust Columns for Stabilizing Expansive (Black Cotton) Soils

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