“…Turkey is located in the Alpine-Himalaya orogenic belt, and it causes different tectonic zones such as the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ), the Eastern Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ), the North East Anatolian fault zone (NEAFZ) and the Aegean graben systems (AGS). These active tectonic units give rise to geothermal energy resources (Haklidir 2015). Previous studies such as Baris et al (2005), Ozer and Polat (2017a, b), Ozer et al (2018) indicate that geothermal fluids are born in the crust by thermal conduction, particularly in volcanic and tectonically active areas.…”
Erzurum and its surroundings are one of the seismically active and hydrothermal areas in the Eastern part of Turkey. This study is the first approach to characterize the crust by seismic features by using the local earthquake tomography method. The earthquake source location and the three dimensional seismic velocity structures are solved simultaneously by an iterative tomographic algorithm, LOTOS-12. Data from a combined permanent network comprising comprises of 59 seismometers which was installed by Ataturk University-Earthquake Research Center and Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority to monitor the seismic activity in the Eastern Anatolia, In this paper, three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs characteristics of Erzurum geothermal area were investigated down to 30 km by using 1685 well-located earthquakes with 29.894 arrival times, consisting of 17.298 P- wave and 12.596 S- wave arrivals. We develop new high-resolution depth-cross sections through Erzurum and its surroundings to provide the subsurface geological structure of seismogenic layers and geothermal areas. We applied various size horizontal and vertical checkerboard resolution tests to determine the quality of our inversion process. The basin models are traceable down to 3 km depth, in terms of P-wave velocity models. The higher P-wave velocity areas in surface layers are related to the metamorphic and magmatic compact materials. We report that the low Vp and high Vp/Vs values are observed in Yedisu, Kaynarpinar, Askale, Cimenozu, Kaplica, Ovacik, Yigitler, E part of Icmeler, Koprukoy, Uzunahmet, Budakli, Soylemez, Koprukoy, Gunduzu, Karayazi, Icmesu, E part of Horasan and Kaynak regions indicated geothermal reservoir.
“…Turkey is located in the Alpine-Himalaya orogenic belt, and it causes different tectonic zones such as the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ), the Eastern Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ), the North East Anatolian fault zone (NEAFZ) and the Aegean graben systems (AGS). These active tectonic units give rise to geothermal energy resources (Haklidir 2015). Previous studies such as Baris et al (2005), Ozer and Polat (2017a, b), Ozer et al (2018) indicate that geothermal fluids are born in the crust by thermal conduction, particularly in volcanic and tectonically active areas.…”
Erzurum and its surroundings are one of the seismically active and hydrothermal areas in the Eastern part of Turkey. This study is the first approach to characterize the crust by seismic features by using the local earthquake tomography method. The earthquake source location and the three dimensional seismic velocity structures are solved simultaneously by an iterative tomographic algorithm, LOTOS-12. Data from a combined permanent network comprising comprises of 59 seismometers which was installed by Ataturk University-Earthquake Research Center and Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority to monitor the seismic activity in the Eastern Anatolia, In this paper, three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs characteristics of Erzurum geothermal area were investigated down to 30 km by using 1685 well-located earthquakes with 29.894 arrival times, consisting of 17.298 P- wave and 12.596 S- wave arrivals. We develop new high-resolution depth-cross sections through Erzurum and its surroundings to provide the subsurface geological structure of seismogenic layers and geothermal areas. We applied various size horizontal and vertical checkerboard resolution tests to determine the quality of our inversion process. The basin models are traceable down to 3 km depth, in terms of P-wave velocity models. The higher P-wave velocity areas in surface layers are related to the metamorphic and magmatic compact materials. We report that the low Vp and high Vp/Vs values are observed in Yedisu, Kaynarpinar, Askale, Cimenozu, Kaplica, Ovacik, Yigitler, E part of Icmeler, Koprukoy, Uzunahmet, Budakli, Soylemez, Koprukoy, Gunduzu, Karayazi, Icmesu, E part of Horasan and Kaynak regions indicated geothermal reservoir.
“…Long-term geothermal power generation also requires the continuous production of geothermal fluids, and it can only apply an effective production scenario at the beginning of the commissioning of the plant ( Fig. 3 [ 15 ]). Fig.…”
Section: Importance Of Sustainable Development At Geothermal Power Symentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Steam quality is quite important to the performance of each steam turbine system, and to increase steam quality, that is, to obtain purer and drier steam, scrubber- or demister-type mechanical equipment has been used between each steam separator and steam turbine-generator system [ 15 ]. High amounts of dry and clean steam prevent small particles and bullet effects on the turbine blades at high rpm conditions.…”
Section: Importance Of Sustainable Development At Geothermal Power Symentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Spray wash applications have been used to cool these gases in the cooling tower . There are two types of cooling towers: air-cooled and water-cooled systems, the latter of which require chemical treatment because of the dark, wet and highly gassy conditions [ 15 ].…”
Section: Importance Of Sustainable Development At Geothermal Power Symentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides the investment period, after commissioning the power plant, two main operations can be identified as critical to providing sustainability at a geothermal power plant: geothermal reservoir management and plant management [ 15 ]. Power plant management requires continuous attention to all surface equipment, including separator systems, turbine-generator systems, cooling systems, condensers, cooling towers, re-injection pumps and pipelines, to prevent in particular mineral scaling, corrosion and other effects due to fluids.…”
Effective geothermal power generation depends on two main elements: geothermal reservoir management and maintenance of the power plant. Reservoir management consists of both the fluid production and reinjection of brine to the underground. The management of wells is important to ensure the sustainability of the reservoir. Thus, the flow rate control systems are essential to protect geothermal reservoirs under long-term power production. The second issue is the daily change in electricity prices and the load change process is complex because geothermal well controls are not flexible operations. The well management thus requires control approaches, and fuzzy control can be one effective solution. In this study, a fuzzy control system has been developed to control flow rates of the wells in Kızıldere geothermal field and its performance has been compared with the real data taken from the Kızıldere Power Plant. The results of comparison show that the fuzzy controllers achieved the target energy production in 2 h instead of 5 h, compared to the real data. Based on the real data, the reinjection was only able to stabilize at the end of the fourth hour and the process took only 2 h when using the fuzzy controllers.
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