Geothermal Fluids

Fluid Geochemistry Investigations on the Volcanic System of Methana

“…5d) and Li. These enrichments reveal small but significant contributions of thermalised waters to some of the cold groundwaters as highlighted by their increased content of B, a highly mobile element under geothermal conditions (Nicholson 1993). The highest pC0 2 values (Fig.…”

“…The strong influence of seawater on the thermal water chemistry makes them unsuitable for geothermometric estimates of the reservoir temperatures through their cationic ratios. The silica geothermometer (Nicholson 1993) gave maximum estimated temperatures of about 160 °C.…”

Temporal Variability of Major and Trace Element Concentrations in the Groundwaters of Mt. Etna (Italy): Effects of Transient Input of Magmatic Fluids Highlighted by Means of Cluster Analysis

“…Their apparently strange behavior is reasonably to be ascribed to their direct input to solution from volcanic fluids (GIAMMANCO et al, 1998), particularly in the case of volatile elements like Hg and Se. In the case of Hg, its relative high concentration found in Etna's groundwaters during the 1995 survey may be explained by a direct input of large amounts of mobile Hg (aq) 0 , transported as vapor and/or sulfide (HgS) (SYMONDS et al, 1992;NICHOLSON, 1993;BARNES and SEWARD, 1997), after exsolution from magma. Elements in group IV (Cr, Zn, Cu and, possibly, pCO 2 ) show a constant increase from 1994 to 1997.…”

“…Elements in group IV (Cr, Zn, Cu and, possibly, pCO 2 ) show a constant increase from 1994 to 1997. This behavior can be ascribed either to a elemental affinity with the magmatic gas phase (as in the case of Cr, according to GIAMMANCO et al, 1998), or to increased selective mobilization of the elements under hydrothermal conditions (as in the case of Cu, according to ROSE et al, 1991;NICHOLSON, 1993;GIAMMANCO et al, 1998) that may have progressively developed in the aquifers feeding the sampled waters during the period of our observations, or to elemental mobilization under acid/reduced conditions, as in the case of Zn (GIAMMANCO et al, 1998), or to a combination of the above. Chromium and zinc should normally behave like iron, and this would explain why their contents in the 1995 survey were higher than those in the 1994 survey.…”

Hydrogeological properties of hyper-saline geothermal brine and application of inhibiting siliceous scale via pH modification

“…These factors are determined by the geothermal system from which the fluid originates (Dogan et al, 2014;Mburu, 2009). Geothermal fluids are classified differently based on fluid temperature (Muffler and Cataldi, 1978;Hochstein, 1990;Benderitter and Cormy, 1990;Nicholson, 1993;Axelsson and Gunnlaugsson, 2000;Dickson and Fanelli, 2004). Intermediate and high enthalpy fluids have been used for power production.…”