Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow in the Nigeria Sector of the Chad Basin, Nigeria

Kwaya, Mohammed Yerima; Kurowska, E.; Arabi, A. S.

doi:10.4236/cweee.2016.52007

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Citation: Abraham EM, Nkitnam EE (2017) Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front. Int J Earth Sci Geophys 3:015 face temperature information from 19 oil wells, 24 water boreholes drilled to depths beyond 100 metres and atmospheric temperature from the Chad basin were utilized by Kwaya, et al [40]. Selected ditch cuttings from the wells were subjected to thermal conductivity test using Thermal Conductivity Scanner (TCS) at the Polish Geological Institute Laboratory in Warsaw.…”

Section: Geophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front

Michael¹,

Edet²

2017

Int J Earth Sci Geophys

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We review geo-scientific research in Nigeria on geothermal energy prospecting. Nigeria's challenging energy needs is overwhelming, with demand exceeding generation. There is inequitable access by the populace to the meager and unstable electricity services in the country. With the main power generating source being gas-fired thermal power stations and despite her increasing population of over 170 million, Nigeria energy generation capacity dwindle to a record low of 2800 MW in year 2016. Alternative energy sources (preferably renewable) promises some form of relief to the current energy challenge. We focus on geothermal resources for the purpose of this study. A direct need in Nigeria for application of geothermal energy is the production of electricity and with numerous geothermal energy potential sites in the country, showing surface heat manifestations; the geothermal energy option presents an attractive and cheaper alternative energy source for Nigeria. In this review, we examine the various research conducted towards establishing useful information for stake holders to enable proper assessment, exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy resources in Nigeria.

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Section: Geophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front

Michael¹,

Edet²

2017

Int J Earth Sci Geophys

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“…It is a part of the western Central African Rift System (WCAS) that was formed in response to the mechanical separation of the African crustal blocks in the cretaceous (Genik, 1992;Avbovbo et al, 1986;Okosun, 1995;Nwachukwu and Ekine, 2010). This basin lies between latitudes 10 o N to 14 o N and longitudes 12 o E to 15 o E in North-Eastern Nigeria (Kwaya et al, 2016), as indicated in the map of Figures 1. The study area is limited between latitudes 12 o 30' and 12 o 00'E and longitudes 12 o 00' and 13 o 30'N.…”

Section: Geologic Setting Of Study Area Within the Bornu-chad Basinmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several authors have studied the geothermal state of the Bornu-Chad basin (Kwaya et al, 2016;Nwankwo et al, 2009;Umar, 1999;Nwankwo and Ekine, 2010;Nwazeapu, 1990;Askira and Schoeneich, 1987;Olugbeniro and Ligous, 1999;Lawal et al, 2018). In this basin, different but close values are reported by different authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this basin, different but close values are reported by different authors. Nwankwo et al (2009) reported 30.0 to 44.0 o C/km using annual mean temperature assumed to be 27 o C. Kwaya (2016) obtained values ranging from 28.2 o Ckm -1 to 58.8 o Ckm -1 using annual mean surface temperature for the region to be 28 o C. Nwankwo and Ekine (2010) presented a regional geothermal gradient of 34.0 o Ckm -1 using annual mean air temperature assumed to be 27 o C. Nwazeapu (1990) presented an average geothermal gradient of 33.1˚Ckm -1 from corrected BHTs. Terrestrial heat flow varies in the area from low to moderately high, 45 to 90 mWm -2 (Kwaya et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Near-Surface Air Temperature on Sub-Surface Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow in Bornu-Chad Basin, Nigeria

Tyoh

Uko

Ayanninuola

et al. 2021

ijthfa

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A study of the effect of near-surface temperature on fields of subsurface geothermal gradient and heat flow has been carried out in the Bornu-Chad Basin, Nigeria, using corrected Bottom-Hole Temperatures (BHTc) lithologic-log data from 9 oil wells. The geothermal gradient using only BHTs ranges from 15.9oCkm-1 to 38.2oCkm-1 with an average of 26.9+/-3.5oCkm-1, while that computed with mean annual temperature and BHTs ranges from 28.2oCkm-1 to 51.5oCkm-1with an average of 37.5+/-2.5oCkm-1. The geothermal gradient using the mean annual temperature and BHTs in the Bornu-Chad is higher than using only BHTs by 7.0oCkm-1. Heatflow ranges from a minimum of 61 mWm-2 to a maximum of 114mWm-2 with an average of 68+/-5.89mWm-2. The isotherm maps exhibit an increasing SW-NE trend. An average heat flow of 68+/-5.9mWm-2 deduced from Bornu-Chad basin is normal for a continental passive margin with age of about 100My. Geothermal gradient results show a distinct and direct relationship with near-surface conditions. There are indications that surface heat flow is controlled by lithology, geothermal gradient and near-surface solar radiation conditions in the Bornu-Chad basin. Consequently, it is recommended that the mean surface temperature be used in geothermal gradients and heatflows estimations. The knowledge of geothermal properties is very important in the search for geothermal energy in the area of study.

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“…The Nigerian sector of Chad basin has been identified to have high prospect for geothermal energy [3][4]. But only few works have investigated geothermal parameters in the Nigerian sector of Chad basin [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, these works used data from oil wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow for Determination of Geothermal Energy Sources in Monguno Area of Northeastern Nigeria

Udochukwu

Akiishi

Tyovenda

2019

JGEESI

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The aeromagnetic data of Monguno area northeastern Nigeria have been used to estimate Curie point depth, geothermal gradients and heat flow using spectral analysis. These geothermal parameters were subsequently employed to identify areas of geothermal resources. First order polynomial fitting was applied in Regional-residual separation. The Curie point depth obtained in this area ranges from 10.318 to 24.476 km with an average of 13.387 km, the geothermal gradient of the area varies from 23.697 to 56.212°C /km, with an average of 46.195°C /km, while the heat flow ranges from 59.242 to 136.176 mWm-2, with an average value of about 112.364 mWm-2. It was also observed that the deepest Curie depth in the area is identified in the south, while the shallow depth is located in the northeast and spread toward the southwest. On the other hand, the highest geothermal gradient in the area is identified in the northern part of Moguno, while in the south, the lowest, geothermal gradient is located. The highest heat flow in the area is seen in the south-west and north-east, while the lowest heat flow is observed in the south. The high heat flow and geothermal gradient in the area show that geothermal energy could be found in Monguno region of the northeastern Nigeria.

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Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow in the Nigeria Sector of the Chad Basin, Nigeria

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front

Review of Geothermal Energy Research in Nigeria: The Geoscience Front

Effects of Near-Surface Air Temperature on Sub-Surface Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow in Bornu-Chad Basin, Nigeria

Estimation of Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow for Determination of Geothermal Energy Sources in Monguno Area of Northeastern Nigeria

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