Geothermal monitoring as a way to predict volcanic eruptions and estimate geothermal energy resources

Abstract

Geothermal monitoring is an effective tool for predicting volcanic eruptions, as well as for assessing the geothermal energy potential of geothermal areas. Increased magmatic activity, an indicator of which is the penetration of hot volcanic gases through faults, has been observed in recent years on the Elbrus volcano. Since Elbrus is a year-round resort of world importance, in order to control volcanic and seismic activity, forecast and reduce the risks of eruption and earthquakes, it is recommended to drill a observation well on the slope of Elbrus with the installation of an underground fiber-optic system for temperature and pressure monitoring. In combination with microseismic, gravimetric and inclinometric observations, satellite IR imaging and geochemical gas testing, the continuously obtained information on the thermodynamic conditions of the subsoil will provide a reliable complex for the operational forecast of natural geophysical disasters. Utilization of the geothermal energy of the magma chamber in the artificial circulation systems of small GeoPPs, water injection from the surface and obtaining superheated water and steam from producing wells will reduce the risks of eruption and at the same time provide the resort with environmentally friendly thermal and electric power. Technological justification for the construction of a GeoPP will also require exploratory drilling to the area of ​​hot rocks, therefore information on the distribution of temperature and pressure along the wellbore is doubly valuable. In geothermal fields that are under development, to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the filtration characteristics can be a useful method of “thermal interference testing” – as a complement or alternative to hydrodynamic interference testing. It is recommended to conduct such an experiment at the North Mutnovsky geothermal field.

Geothermal investigation uses a dipole­dipole configuration geoelectric methods with delphi programming

“…According to [14] Model intrusion also contribute to the flow pattern of the mass flux of water from the reservoir to the surface as the zone upflow (ie manifestation hot water Sileri and zone outflow disposed to wards the south and the north. According to [15] information on an ongoing basis on the condition of thermodynamic soil layer will provide complex which is reliable for operational forecasting of natural geophysical disasters.…”

Spatial prediction of the urban inter-annual land surface temperature variability: An integrated modeling approach in a rapidly urbanizing semi-arid region

“…These characteristics are all retrieved from various satellite images such as Landsat 8-thennal infrared sensor (TIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared data, which are known as Land Surface Temperature (LST) (Avdan & Jovanovska, 2016). With the growing availability of LST data in various spatio-temporal scales, LST has been recognized as a key variable in environmental studies ranging from crop water-stress detection (Gerhards et al 2019), water resources management (Kumar 2015), and geothermal activity of volcanoes (Muravyev 2018) to urban thermal comfort (Feng et al 2020) and urban growth management (Rao et al 2021;Lakra and Sharma 2019;Achmad et al 2022). In human-altered landscapes, significant associations were also found between thermal characteristics of different LULC classes and other environmental processes such as Urban Heat Island (UHI) (Ren et al 2021).…”