German Infant Mortality 1960-1980

Berentsen, William H.

doi:10.2307/214977

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Data for two west German Länder North‐Rhine Westphalia and Baden‐Württemberg were obtained from the respective Statistical Offices. These two Länder account for 43% (1998) of the population of the old FRG and were selected to enable study of regional variation in infant health in the west, with infant mortality rates in Baden‐Württemberg historically being very low and those in North‐Rhine Westphalia relatively high 10 . Data included all singleton and multiple births, with birthweights aggregated into 100 g bands from 500 g up to 5000 g; birthweights <500 g were recorded separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increase in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Germany: artefact or reality?

Nolte¹,

Koupilová²

2002

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Earlier findings have shown that after unification with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in October 1990 the proportion of very-low-birthweight infants in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) increased. This study seeks to explore this observation in more detail at the regional level. The analysis of aggregate data of live births in Germany between 1991 and 1997 shows an increasing proportion of very-low-birthweight infants as well as a general trend towards heavier babies in both east and west. The growing proportion of live born infants at very low birthweights in the east, however, seems to be due, in part, to increased registration, most likely reflecting the introduction of the more comprehensive (western) definition of a live birth with unification in October 1990. A fairly distinct east-west pattern in the birthweight distribution present in 1991 had almost disappeared by 1997 and given way to a north-south one.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increase in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Germany: artefact or reality?

Nolte¹,

Koupilová²

2002

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…The programs included job security, old-age benefits, health care, maternity leave, and day-care centers. One expression of this was the success of East Germany in rapidly reducing infant mortality through the 1970s (Berentsen 1987). In the 1980s, however, this rate was again lower in West Germany.…”

Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unification of Germany in 1990

Harris¹

1991

Geographical Review

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. American Geographical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geographical Review. ABSTRACT.Unification of East and West Germany was achieved peacefully in 1990. Agreements on international problems of the eastern boundary, military alliances, size of military forces, and foreign troops were codified in a treaty signed on 12 September by the four post-World War II occupying powers and the two Germanies. Internal problems of unification were addressed by treaties between the two Germanies on 18 May and 31 August. These dealt with state boundaries, the capital, environmental pollution and costs, and a host of economic, political, social, and judicial factors. United on 3 October, the new Germany promises to play a significant role in international affairs. AnewGermany came into existence on 3 October 1990 (Fig. 1). This Germany had not existed previously, at least not in these boundaries with this population, society, economy, government, and international ties. With an area of 357,043 square kilometers, it is two-thirds the size of the Germany of 1871. It is much smaller than France but slightly larger than the United Kingdom or Italy. It has a population of 78 million, compared with 56-57 million for each of these other countries. It also has a stronger economy than any other country in the European Community. In a central position in Europe between east and west and north and south, it has more international boundaries than any other country in Europe: land boundaries are with France, The full geographical effects of unification will not be apparent until some time in the future. The economic geography of the new Germany cannot now be written adequately. Many enterprises in East Germany are so outmoded that their production is being sharply reduced or closed altogether. But if massive investments are made in state-of-the-art facilities, new factories in East Germany could become the most competitive not only in Germany but also in Europe. The fear in East Germany is of current unemployment; the hope is for massive investment and improved competitiveness. This article deals with the process of unification in 1990 and with the problems involved. THE DECISION TO UNITEThe tide of political change in east-central and eastern Europe finally reached East Germany in summer 1989. Breathtaking events followed in

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“…While the rural-urban differences in infant mortality are widely recognized (Al-Kabir 1984;Berentsen 1987;Gortmaker 1979;Haines and Avery 1982;Thapa and Retherford 1982), most studies available on infant mortality analyze both rural and urban areas together and treat place of residence (urban or rural) as one of the correlates of infant mortality. As a result, very little is known about the determinants of infant mortality, particularly in the rural areas of developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

Paul

1990

Rural Sociology

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The primary objective of this paper is to assess the relative contribution of different socioeconomic and environmental factors affecting infant mortality in a rural area of Bangladesh. Data from detailed interviews with 1,787 women of reproductive ages were collected and analyzed. A multivariate approach was employed to examine the relative importance of different correlates of infant mortality. Birth interval and contraceptive use emerged as the strongest correlates of infant mortality. In addition, landholding size, birth of preferred sex, mother's age, and prior pregnancy loss had significant effects on infant mortality. The analysis suggests that some aspects of childbearing result in higher risks of infant mortality. Infant mortality could be reduced by altering the spacing of births and avoiding births at early reproductive ages. A positive impact on infant mortality could also result from improvements in economic conditions.

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German Infant Mortality 1960-1980

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

The increase in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Germany: artefact or reality?

The increase in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Germany: artefact or reality?

Unification of Germany in 1990

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

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German Infant Mortality 1960-1980

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

The increase in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Germany: artefact or reality?

The increase in very‐low‐birthweight infants in Germany: artefact or reality?

Unification of Germany in 1990

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey1

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Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹