German validation of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) II: Reliability, validity, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity

Christiansen, Hanna; Kis, Bernhard; Hirsch, Oliver; Matthies, Swantje; Hebebrand, Johannes; Uekermann, J.; Abdel‐Hamid, Mona; Kraemer, Markus; Wiltfang, Jens; Graf, Erika; Colla, Michael; Sobanski, Esther; Alm, Barbara; Rösler, Michael; Jacob, Christian; Jans, Thomas; Huß, Michael; Schimmelmann, Benno G.; Philipsen, Alexandra

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.12.010

Cited by 79 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CAARS subscale T scores were significantly and positively associated with degree of depression and eating-related psychopathology. This is in line with all other studies on this topic and is thought to reflect the high degree of comorbid problems in adults with ADHD [23,45]. However, an alternative explanation might be that comorbid conditions may produce symptoms which may erroneously be diagnosed as ADHD, since symptoms associated with ADHD are also present in a number of other mental disorders [15,46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…As with the long version, the ADHD Index (Cronbach's α = 0.843) is incorporated on this form. The German version of the long form (42 items) was validated by Christiansen et al [22,23,26] and has shown to have good psychometric properties. The raw scale scores were transformed into standard T scores which were derived from the German normative data [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scale for which cross-international validity has been demonstrated [22] is internationally frequently used as a screening instrument of adult ADHD. In addition, the reliability of the four subscales is sufficiently robust that the scales can be used separately for purposes of clinical description and research [23]. Most studies in bariatric surgery patients did not assess ADHD-relevant childhood behaviors in addition to symptoms in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence and Correlates Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nielsen

Georgiadou²,

Bartsch³

et al. 2017

Obes Facts

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Objective: Previous research shows an association between obesity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study compares pre- and post-bariatric surgery patients using the internationally used Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS™) to screen for ADHD. Methods: Matched samples pre- (N = 120) and post-bariatric surgery (N = 128) were compared using self-rating instruments to assess ADHD-relevant symptomatology, depression, eating-related psychopathology, and BMI. Results: Prevalence of probable ADHD did not differ between groups using the CAARS Index Scale T-scores; however, CAARS subscales Inattention/Memory and Self-Concept showed significantly lower scores in post-surgery patients. All CAARS subscales correlated significantly with each other, with depression and eating-related psychopathology. There was no correlation between ADHD and excess BMI loss in post-surgery patients. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a considerable number of patients before and after bariatric surgery screened positive for ADHD. It can be hypothesized that some core ADHD symptoms improve after surgery. Future studies are warranted to investigate the influence of ADHD on long-term surgery outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence and Correlates Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nielsen

Georgiadou²,

Bartsch³

et al. 2017

Obes Facts

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“…The scale consists of 66 items, which are used to assess eight subscales. A validation of the German version by Christiansen et al (2012) found high internal consistency for the subscales (Cronbach's a between .74 and .95). They also reported a high stability of the selfrating form: Test-rest reliability ranged from r = .85 to .92.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Emotional symptoms and their contribution to functional impairment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Mörstedt

Corbisiero

Bitto

et al. 2015

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder beginning in childhood and consisting of the core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The disorder is often accompanied by functional impairment in daily life. Research showed that severe impairment cannot be fully explained by the core symptoms of ADHD. Accordingly, emotional symptoms in ADHD and their influence on functional impairment have increasingly become the focus of research in recent years. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between ADHD core symptoms, emotional symptoms, and functional impairment. We assumed that emotional symptoms might form part of adult ADHD and that the connection between ADHD core symptoms and functional impairment may be partly mediated by emotional symptoms. Data of 176 participants from an ADHD Special Consultations Unit were included. Of these participants, 146 were diagnosed with ADHD, while 30 received no such diagnosis. We developed a structural equation model which included core symptoms, emotional symptoms, and four domains of daily impairment (family life, social life, work, and organization). As predicted, results indicate that emotional symptoms are directly linked to adult ADHD and bear a strong negative influence on different domains of daily life. The results of different analyses showed a mediation of the relationship between ADHD core symptoms and impairment through emotional symptoms: While the connection between inattention and work and organization was partly mediated, the connections between impulsivity and family life and between inattention and social life were shown to be fully mediated through emotional symptoms.

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“…This self-report scale consists of 25 items which are answered on a five-point Likert scale (0 = “not applicable” to 4 = “applicable”). For the assessment of ADHD symptoms in adulthood 2) the ADHD-Self-Rating scale (ADHD-RS; [56]) and 3) the Connor Adult ADHD Rating Scale - Self-Report: Long Version (CAARS-S:L; [57]) were used. Both scales are based on the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD [58].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and aggression in borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – does stress matter?

Cackowski

Krause-Utz

Eijk

et al. 2017

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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BackgroundThe impact of stress on anger and aggression in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate different aspects of anger and aggression in patients with these disorders.MethodsTwenty-nine unmedicated female BPD patients, 28 ADHD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) completed self-reports measuring trait anger, aggression and emotion regulation capacities. A modified version of the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm and a state anger measurement were applied under resting and stress conditions. Stress was induced by the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test (MMST).ResultsBoth patient groups scored significantly higher on all self-report measures compared to HCs. Compared to ADHD patients, BPD patients reported higher trait aggression and hostility, a stronger tendency to express anger when provoked and to direct anger inwardly. Furthermore, BPD patients exhibited higher state anger than HCs and ADHD patients under both conditions and showed a stress-dependent anger increase. At the behavioral level, no significant effects were found. In BPD patients, aggression and anger were positively correlated with emotion regulation deficits.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a significant impact of stress on self-perceived state anger in BPD patients but not on aggressive behavior towards others in females with BPD or ADHD. However, it appears to be pronounced inwardly directed anger which is of clinical importance in BPD patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40479-017-0057-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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German validation of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) II: Reliability, validity, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity

Abstract: The reported results confirm our previous study and show that the German CAARS-S/O do indeed represent a reliable and cross-culturally valid measure of current ADHD symptoms in adults.

Cited by 79 publications

References 22 publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence and Correlates Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence and Correlates Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Emotional symptoms and their contribution to functional impairment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Anger and aggression in borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – does stress matter?

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