Germination and the Early Stages of Seedling Development in Brachypodium distachyon

Wolny, Elżbieta; Betekhtin, Alexander; Rojek, Magdalena; Brąszewska-Zalewska, Agnieszka; Lusinska, Joanna; Hasterok, Robert

doi:10.3390/ijms19102916

Cited by 80 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…B. distachyon is a model plant widely used to study various aspects of cereal crop and forage grass biology [33,34], including the cytogenetic and molecular mechanisms underpinning development under both in vivo and in vitro conditions [10,35,36,37,38]. Genetic transformation technologies, critical for the discovery and validation of gene function, have been optimised for successful use in B. distachyon [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Epitopes and Endoploidy as Reporters of Embryogenic Potential in Brachypodium Distachyon Callus Culture

Betekhtin

Rojek

Nowak

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Effective regeneration of callus tissue into embryos and then into whole plants is essential for plant biotechnology. The embryonic potential is often low and can further decrease with time in culture, which limits the utilisation of calli for transformation procedures and in vitro propagation. In this study, we show that the loss of embryogenic potential in callus cultures of Brachypodium distachyon is progressive over time. Flow cytometry analyses indicated endoploidy levels increased in 60- and 90-day-old calli with effective loss of the 2C DNA content peak in the latter. Analysis of indolic compounds content revealed a decrease in 60- and 90-day-old calli compared to either freshly isolated explants or 30-day-old calli. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) signal with the time of culture, but extensin (EXT) epitopes either increased (JIM12 epitopes) or decreased (JIM11 epitopes). The transcript accumulation levels of AGPs and EXTs confirmed these results, with most of AGP and EXT transcripts gradually decreasing. Some chimeric EXT transcripts significantly increased on the 30th day of culture, perhaps because of an increased embryogenic potential. Selected somatic embryogenesis-related genes and cyclins demonstrated a gradual decrease of transcript accumulation for YUCCA (YUC), AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL), BABY BOOM (BBM), and CLAVATA (CLV3) genes, as well as for most of the cyclins, starting from the 30th day of culture. Notably, WUSCHEL (WUS) transcript was detectable only on the 30th and 60th day and was not detectable in the zygotic embryos and in 90-day-old calli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the DNA content, zygotic embryos, embryogenic callus, and non-embryogenic parts were used on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day of culture. The samples were analysed using a CyFlow Space flow cytometer (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) as in Wolny et al [38].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Epitopes and Endoploidy as Reporters of Embryogenic Potential in Brachypodium Distachyon Callus Culture

Betekhtin

Rojek

Nowak

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Successful germination and seedling development are crucial steps in the growth of a new plant and can be considered as a determinant for plant productivity [39]. High temperatures accelerate the germination process but decrease the activity of some enzymes [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic Study on the Biostimulation Potential of the Aqueous Fruit Extract of Hippophae rhamnoides for a Sustainable Agricultural Ecosystem

Bonciu

Olaru

Roșculete

et al. 2020

Plants

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This cytogenetic study evaluates the biostimulation potential of the aqueous extract of seabuckthorn fruits (AESF) in plant cells, using the Allium cepa species as a test plant. The effects were monitored both at the macroscopic and microscopically level. The onion bulbs were exposed to the action of different concentrations of AESF (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) for 72 h. The obtained results showed the positive effect induced by the aqueous extract on the growth of the meristematic roots, but only at concentrations ranging between 0.5–1.5%, when the average length of the roots had values between 2.51–3.40 cm, which means an increase compared to the untreated control with 3.71–40.49%. Within the same concentration range of the AESF, an effect of intensifying the mitotic activity was recorded. On the other hand, at the 2–2.5% concentration of the AESF, there was an inhibitory effect on the growth of meristematic roots. Additionally, concentrations ≥2% of AESF induced a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect through the occurrence of some chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities in A. cepa cells (sticky, laggards, ring chromosomes, and micronucleus). The obtained results suggest the biostimulation potential of the AESF for plant cells and the possibility of using it as an eco-friendly fertilizer.

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“…In a suitable environment, seeds restore metabolic activity, and the enzymes and metabolites stored in the seeds are rapidly activated. After absorption of water, this series of processes involves a large amount of gene regulation and energy supply [26]. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of hulled and dehulled seeds treated with GA 3 and distilled water and generated a total of 37,208 genes.…”

Section: Genetic Regulation Of Seed Germination With Ga 3 Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Molecular Mechanism by which GA3 Disrupts Dormancy in Leymus Chinensis Seeds

Bing¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Leymus chinensis is a perennial forage grass that has good palatability, high yield and high feed value, but seed dormancy is a major problem limiting the widespread cultivation of L. chinensis. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism and identify candidate genes associated with dormancy disruption by gibberellic acid (GA3) through transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.Results: The germination test revealed that the optimum concentration of GA3 for disruption of L. chinensis seed dormancy was 200 μg/L. Compared with seeds soaked in sterile water, a total of 4,327 and 11,919 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 871 and 650 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in de-hulled and hulled seeds treated with GA3, respectively. Most of the DEGs were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, endocytosis and ribosomes. Furthermore, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were significantly enriched pathways. Integrative analysis of the transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism is one of the most important pathways that may play a key role in the energy supply for the transition of L. chinensis seeds from a dormant state to germination by suppressing the expression of Cel61a, egID, cel1, tpsA, SPAC2E11.16c and TPP2, along with enhancing the expression of AMY1.1, AMY1.2, AMY1.6 and GLIP5, and finally inhibiting the synthesis of cellobiose, cellodextrin, and trehalose while promoting the hydrolysis of sucrose, starch, cellobiose, cellodextrin, and trehalose to glucose.Conclusions: This study identified several key genes and provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy release by GA3 in L. chinensis. These putative genes will be valuable resources for improving the seed germination rate in future breeding studies.

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Germination and the Early Stages of Seedling Development in Brachypodium distachyon

Cited by 80 publications

References 50 publications

Cell Wall Epitopes and Endoploidy as Reporters of Embryogenic Potential in Brachypodium Distachyon Callus Culture

Cell Wall Epitopes and Endoploidy as Reporters of Embryogenic Potential in Brachypodium Distachyon Callus Culture

Cytogenetic Study on the Biostimulation Potential of the Aqueous Fruit Extract of Hippophae rhamnoides for a Sustainable Agricultural Ecosystem

A Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Molecular Mechanism by which GA3 Disrupts Dormancy in Leymus Chinensis Seeds

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