Germination rates of weedy radish populations (<i><scp>R</scp>aphanus</i> spp.) altered by crop‐wild hybridisation, not human‐mediated changes to soil moisture

Teitel, Zachary; Laursen, Andrew E.; Campbell, Lesley G.

doi:10.1111/wre.12194

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The strength of fecundity selection differed significantly among years. It is interesting to note that rainfall differed between 2012 and 2013, during the period when Raphanus seeds most frequently germinate (May), such that control plots received twice as much rainfall during that period in 2013 as 2012 (data from KSR research station, summarized in [53]). The strength of selection for survival-to-flowering adult and dormancy did not differ significantly across soil moisture treatments (Table 1b and c, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots were tilled by May 15th, annually. These experimental populations have been previously described [53]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LR and DR treatments were designed to simulate extreme precipitation patterns that are projected to result from climate change [34]. Experimental watering treatments significantly and predictably altered the average volumetric moisture content in both years [53]. Control sheltered plots had significantly lower soil moisture than double rain plots and significantly higher soil moisture than no rain plots.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weekly censuses monitored four key life-history stages of seed, cotyledon, non-flowering adult and flowering adult that described five vital rates of seed germination, seed dormancy, survival-to-non-flowering adult, survival-to-flowering adult and fecundity (as in [38, 53]). Seed dormancy was estimated from results of a companion seed burial experiment [53], such that dormancy vital rates were weighted by dormancy rates of their corresponding plot and removal date, adjusted for population size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed dormancy was estimated from results of a companion seed burial experiment [53], such that dormancy vital rates were weighted by dormancy rates of their corresponding plot and removal date, adjusted for population size. Mortality could occur at each stage and is reflected in the proportion of individuals that survive to the next life-history stage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the effects of hybridization and precipitation on invasive weed demography using strength of selection on vital rates

2016

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BackgroundAs global climate change transforms average temperature and rainfall, species distributions may meet, increasing the potential for hybridization and altering individual fitness and population growth. Altered rainfall specifically may shift the strength and direction of selection, also manipulating population trajectories. Here, we investigated the role of interspecific hybridization and selection imposed by rainfall on the evolution of weedy life-history in non-hybrid (Raphanus raphanistrum) and hybrid (R. raphanistrum x R. sativus) populations using a life table response experiment.ResultsIn documenting long-term population dynamics, we determined intrinsic (r) and asymptotic (λ) population growth rates and sensitivities, a measure of selection imposed on demographic rates. Hybrid populations experienced 8.7-10.3 times stronger selection than wild populations for increased seedling survival. Whereas crop populations generally exhibit little dormancy and wild populations often exhibit dormancy, non-hybrid populations experienced 10% stronger selection than hybrid populations for exhibiting seed dormancy. Selection on survival-to-flowering in wild, not hybrid, populations declined marginally with increasing soil moisture. Hybrid populations exhibited greater r, but not λ, than wild populations regardless of moisture environment. In general, fecundity contributed most to differences in λ but fecundity only contributed positively to hybrid λ relative to wild λ when precipitation was altered (either higher or lower than control) and not under control watering conditions.ConclusionsSelection on key demographic traits may not change dramatically in response to rainfall, and hybridization may more strongly influence the demography of these weedy species than rainfall. If hybrid populations can respond to selection for increased dormancy, this may make it more difficult to deplete weed seed banks and increase the persistence of crop genes in weed populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots were tilled by May 15th, annually. These experimental populations have been previously described [53]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the effects of hybridization and precipitation on invasive weed demography using strength of selection on vital rates

2016

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Growth and fecundity of colonizing hybrid Raphanus populations are environmentally dependent

Shukla

Laursen

Benavides

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise Hybrid gene pools harbor more genetic variation than progenitor populations. Thus, we expect hybrid populations to exhibit more dynamic evolutionary responses to environmental variation. We ask how environmental variation experienced by adapted and transplanted populations influence the success of late‐generation hybrid populations during invasion. Methods For four generations, 20 wild (Raphanus raphanistrum) and 20 hybrid radish (R. sativus × R. raphanistrum) plant populations evolved under experimentally manipulated moisture conditions (dry, wet, control‐sheltered, or control‐unsheltered plots; i.e., evolutionary environment) in old fields near Toronto, Canada. We planted advanced‐generation wild and hybrid radishes in sheltered plots and exposed them to either an evolutionary or a novel watering environment. To determine how soil moisture would influence invasion success, we compared the phenotype and fecundity of plants grown in these various environments. Results Hybridization produced larger plants. In wet environments, hybrid seedlings emerged more frequently and expressed higher photosynthetic activity. Low‐moisture, novel conditions delayed and reduced seedling emergence frequency. Hybrid plants and those that evolved under relatively wet environments exhibited higher aboveground biomass. Hybrid plants from control‐sheltered plots colonizing novel moisture environments were more fecund than comparable wild plants. Conclusions Dry environments are less likely than other evolutionary environments to contribute colonists. However, relatively wet locations support the evolution of relatively fecund plants, especially crop‐wild hybrid populations. Thus, our results provide a strong mechanistic explanation for variation in the relative success of crop‐wild hybrids among study locations and a new standard for studies that assess the risk of crop‐wild hybridization events.

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Crop and stubble effects on seedling emergence of sourgrass, palmer amaranth, wild radish and fleabane

Oreja

Lenardis

Fuente

2021

Crop & Pasture Science

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Crop diversity, crop structures and crop residue can modify the seed-bank environment, influencing the seedling emergence of some weeds. The objectives of this work were to analyse (1) the effect of winter crop canopies of canola and wheat and soybean stubble on seedling emergence of Conyza sumatrensis and Raphanus sativus and (2) the effect of different soybean crop structures and soybean stubble on Digitaria insularis and Amaranthus palmeri seedling emergence. Two different field experiments were conducted at Buenos Aires University in a completely randomised factorial design with five replicates. The two winter species showed differences in the emergence timing whereas the two summer species emerged at the same time but with differences between years. Seedling emergence of A. palmeri was reduced by the presence of crop residue while the effect on C. sumatrensis and R. sativus emergence were more variable between years and D. insularis was not affected. Crops did not affect seedling emergence of winter species or that of A. palmeri. However, D. insularis emergence was favoured by soybean presence, mainly with closer canopy structures. Management decisions that promote the presence of crop residues favour the reduction of seedling emergence of palmer amaranth. In contrast, evaluated crop plant densities and planting dates were not able to reduce the seedling emergence of C. sumatrensis, R. sativus and D. insularis. Planting soybean in more competitive crop structures with closer canopies is not a good option due to the improvement of seedling emergence of D. insularis. Crop management decisions that inhibit seedling emergence in some species could stimulate it in others.

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Germination rates of weedy radish populations (Raphanus spp.) altered by crop‐wild hybridisation, not human‐mediated changes to soil moisture

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Assessing the effects of hybridization and precipitation on invasive weed demography using strength of selection on vital rates

Assessing the effects of hybridization and precipitation on invasive weed demography using strength of selection on vital rates

Growth and fecundity of colonizing hybrid Raphanus populations are environmentally dependent

Crop and stubble effects on seedling emergence of sourgrass, palmer amaranth, wild radish and fleabane

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