Geschützte Werte Skala (GWS)

Tanner, Carmen; Ryf, Bettina; Hanselmann, Martin

doi:10.1026/0012-1924.55.3.174

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…People think of such values as absolute, nonsubstitutable, and above all price (Kant, 1785/1977). Empirical psychologists use the concept of sacred values (SVs; or, protected values) to refer to these core values to which people feel strongly committed to and which they wish to defend against cost–benefit calculations (Atran, Axelrod, & Davis, 2007; Baron & Spranca, 1997; Tanner, Medin, & Iliev, 2008; Tanner, Ryf, & Hanselmann, 2009; Tetlock, Kristel, Elson, Green, & Lerner, 2000). In particular, empirical research has shown that SV violations tend to be associated with strong emotional reactions, such as moral outrage or disgust (Tetlock et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sacred values: Trade-off type matters.

Duc

Hanselmann

Boesiger

et al. 2013

Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics

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Previous psychological investigations revealed that sacred values (SVs; the belief that certain values are nonsubstitutable and may not be traded off, in particular, against secular economic values) modulates moral decision making depending on the type of SV infringement involved. Extending this research, we compared neurofunctional correlates determined from fMRI measurements during decision making in 3 different trade-off types (taboo, tragic, and routine) with psychological measures obtained from the same 2 participant groups characterized by either high SV (SVH) or low (SVL) scoring values. Congruent with previous studies showing that outright SV violation tends to provoke profound moral indignation, in accordance with the surmise that SVs serve as a heuristic under these (taboo trade-off) conditions, and in conformity with previous reports on neurofunctional changes observed in volunteers confronted with moral norm transgressions, we found increased blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the left anterior temporal lobe and bilateral amygdalae, as well as significant correlation between right amygdala BOLD signals and moral disgust ratings, in the taboo trade-off condition for the SVH (compared with the SVL) group. The results are discussed in relation to previous research suggesting a close association of SVs with a deontological focus of moral universalism, as well as regarding mechanisms supposed to play a key role in overcoming barriers to the resolution of deep-seated conflicts.

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confidence: 99%

Sacred values: Trade-off type matters.

Duc

Hanselmann

Boesiger

et al. 2013

Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics

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“…The items were adjusted to the specific content of each vignette (see Appendix). To assess affective responses, and drawing on previous scales (Tanner et al, 2009;Tetlock et al, 2000), participants rated the extent to which they would perceive the decision made in the corresponding vignette as outrageous, shameful, acceptable, or praiseworthy (4 items, the latter two items reverse-coded). For example, regarding a situation in which the son of a client has applied belatedly for a job position in the company, participants were asked "To which extent would you judge it as outrageous if the client's son had been chosen for the position?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral sensitivity in business: A revised measure

et al. 2021

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In order to manage ethical challenges in organizations and the workplace, moral sensitivity (MS)—the ability to identify and ascribe importance to moral issues when they arise in the workplace—is seen as the key prerequisite by researchers and professionals. However, despite the importance of MS, satisfactory reliable and valid measures to assess this competence are to date lacking. The present research tests the psychometric qualities of a revised MS measure for the business domain (R-MSB) that is designed to assess individual differences in moral and business-related value sensitivity. We present three different analyses with two heterogeneous samples of Swiss and German employees (total N = 1168). The first two studies provide good evidence of the measures’ factorial structure, its construct, and criteria-related validity. The third study examines how affective and empathic responses are associated with MS and business sensitivity (BS). The results support the view that empathic responsiveness enhances MS. The instrument’s theoretical and practical strengths, limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed.

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“…Sacred values were assessed using the GWS‐D scale . The items turned out to load on two different factors, with the two negatively formulated items (Items 4 and 5) loading on a different factor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sacred values were assessed using the GWS-D scale. (29) The items turned out to load on two different factors, with the two negatively formulated items (Items 4 and 5) loading on a different factor. Consequently, a scale without these two items would have a higher Chronbach's Alpha (0.744 instead of 0.699).…”

Section: Data-gathering Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication About Micropollutants in Drinking Water: Effects of the Presentation and Psychological Processes

Tobias

2015

Risk Analysis

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This study investigates how people change their risk perception, trust, and behavior as a consequence of being informed about the occurrence of micropollutants in drinking water. Micropollutants are substances present in extremely low concentrations that might be dangerous in higher concentrations. Data were gathered in the city of Zurich, Switzerland in 2013 using a questionnaire in which the information on micropollutants was presented differently to 12 experimental groups. Data of the key constructs were gathered before and after this information, so that causal effects could be quantified by regression analyses. Affective reactions to the information turned out to be the critical mediator of changes in risk perception (operationalized as the perceived change of quality due to pollution), which is an important determinant of changes in behavior and trust. Also, direct effects of affective reactions on behavior and trust were observed. Trust before appraising risks reduces negative affective reactions; however, it also reduces perceived quality (i.e., increases risk perception) and trust after risks are appraised. The different forms of information mainly influenced the participants' affective reactions, but they also influenced perceived quality. The presentation with the least negative effects was a comparison of the intake of the substance by water with intake by food. The experimental design with repeated measurement that considers trust as a determinant and consequence of risk perception uncovered positive and negative effects of trust before appraising risks on changes of risk perception and trust due to appraising risks.

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Geschützte Werte Skala (GWS)

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Sacred values: Trade-off type matters.

Sacred values: Trade-off type matters.

Moral sensitivity in business: A revised measure

Communication About Micropollutants in Drinking Water: Effects of the Presentation and Psychological Processes

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