Gestational and congenital syphilis across the international border in Brazil

Lannoy, Leonor Henriette de; Santos, Patrícia Campi; Coelho, Ronaldo de Almeida; Dias-Santos, Adriano S.; Valentim, Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros; Pereira, G M; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275253

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Optimal STI surveillance is contingent on timely and accurate data, yet surveillance data are generally delayed or unavailable ( 76 ). In Brazil, which has experienced a syphilis epidemic since 2016 ( 77 ), epidemiological reports on syphilis have usually been released belatedly, usually by more than a year. Thus, in this case, how to make decisions that rely only on delayed data that reflects previous scenarios?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational methods applied to syphilis: where are we, and where are we going?

Albuquerque,

Fernandes,

Barbalho

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Syphilis is an infectious disease that can be diagnosed and treated cheaply. Despite being a curable condition, the syphilis rate is increasing worldwide. In this sense, computational methods can analyze data and assist managers in formulating new public policies for preventing and controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Computational techniques can integrate knowledge from experiences and, through an inference mechanism, apply conditions to a database that seeks to explain data behavior. This systematic review analyzed studies that use computational methods to establish or improve syphilis-related aspects. Our review shows the usefulness of computational tools to promote the overall understanding of syphilis, a global problem, to guide public policy and practice, to target better public health interventions such as surveillance and prevention, health service delivery, and the optimal use of diagnostic tools. The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 Statement and used several quality criteria to include studies. The publications chosen to compose this review were gathered from Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed databases. Then, studies published between 2015 and 2022 were selected. The review identified 1,991 studies. After applying inclusion, exclusion, and study quality assessment criteria, 26 primary studies were included in the final analysis. The results show different computational approaches, including countless Machine Learning algorithmic models, and three sub-areas of application in the context of syphilis: surveillance (61.54%), diagnosis (34.62%), and health policy evaluation (3.85%). These computational approaches are promising and capable of being tools to support syphilis control and surveillance actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational methods applied to syphilis: where are we, and where are we going?

Albuquerque,

Fernandes,

Barbalho

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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show abstract

“…Cases are probably underestimated ( 35 ). Brazil is particularly affected, with an alarming increase from 143 to 861 cases per 100,000 live births between 2002 and 2016 ( 19 ); a slight decrease to 770 cases per 100,000 live births was nevertheless reported in 2020 ( 36 ). This large number of cases can be explained by the lack of access to rapid tests or treatment in certain regions ( 36 ).…”

Section: Congenital Syphilis: Situation Over the Past Few Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazil is particularly affected, with an alarming increase from 143 to 861 cases per 100,000 live births between 2002 and 2016 ( 19 ); a slight decrease to 770 cases per 100,000 live births was nevertheless reported in 2020 ( 36 ). This large number of cases can be explained by the lack of access to rapid tests or treatment in certain regions ( 36 ). Despite the extent of Brazilian health system and community participation in the health sector, there is still insufficient prenatal screening and many missed opportunities with an increase in untreated or inadequately treated cases ( 19 , 37 ).…”

Section: Congenital Syphilis: Situation Over the Past Few Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital syphilis in Switzerland: a marker of inequality? A mini-review

David,

Posfay-Barbe,

Aguiar Nogueira

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Syphilis remains a global public health problem, with growing incidence in most regions of the world, particularly among women of childbearing age. This alarming trend has led to an increase in cases of congenital syphilis, resulting in devastating consequences. While the implementation of measures by the World Health Organization (WHO) and various governments has contributed to a decline in the global incidence of congenital syphilis, many countries are facing an escalating crisis, as incidence continues to rise. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the current state of this disease in different parts of the world, focusing on the most affected populations and highlighting congenital syphilis as a marker of vulnerability. It also focuses on Switzerland, a country with a robust economy, to identify shortcomings in the healthcare system that contribute to the persistence of congenital syphilis, even though the infection is easily detectable and treatable. In conclusion, this mini-review highlights the persistent risk of congenital syphilis worldwide, regardless of country prevalence or economic status, and underscores the need for sustained efforts to reach underserved women, emphasizing the vital role of comprehensive training for healthcare professionals.

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“…5 Penicillin G Benzathine is recommended as the first choice for treatment and it is considered to be adequate when the pregnant woman completes it within 30 days before delivery, the dosage being in accordance with the clinical phase of the disease. 2,7 According to the Ministry of Health's 2022 epidemiological bulletin on syphilis, in Brazil, from 2011 to 2021, 466,584 cases of syphilis were reported in pregnant women, 221,600 cases of congenital syphilis and 2,064 deaths from congenital syphilis, the detection rates for pregnant women with syphilis have maintained growth, but with less intensity from 2018 onwards. The incidence of congenital syphilis, between 2011 and 2017, showed an average increase of 17.6%, followed by stability in subsequent years and an increase of 16.7% in 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital syphilis in Brazil: a reflection of the fragility of screening and treatment of maternal syphilis

Mainardi¹,

Silva²,

Paiva³

2023

JHS

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Goal: The present study aims to verify the relationship between maternal syphilis and congenital syphilis in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study, with data referring to syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in Brazil from 2012 to 2021, obtained from the online platform of Syphilis Indicators of the Ministry of Health. Results: A gradual increase in the incidence and detection rate of maternal syphilis and, consequently, of congenital syphilis was observed. A total of 452,826 cases of syphilis in pregnant women and 211,999 cases of congenital syphilis were reported during the study period. In cases of congenital syphilis, the pregnant women received prenatal care (79.5%), and in 53.0% the diagnosis was made during this follow-up, but the treatment was only considered adequate in 4.5%. However, over the years under study, there was a gradual increase in maternal prenatal diagnosis of syphilis in the latent phases and in the 1st trimester. Conclusion: Maternal syphilis and congenital syphilis still have a growing number of records. There seem to be improvements in prenatal care regarding the diagnosis of maternal syphilis, but there are still weaknesses, especially in the treatment, still resulting in a significant number of cases of congenital syphilis.

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Gestational and congenital syphilis across the international border in Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Computational methods applied to syphilis: where are we, and where are we going?

Computational methods applied to syphilis: where are we, and where are we going?

Congenital syphilis in Switzerland: a marker of inequality? A mini-review

Congenital syphilis in Brazil: a reflection of the fragility of screening and treatment of maternal syphilis

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