Gestational Development of Brain

Dorovini-Zis, Katerina; Dolman, Clarisse L.

doi:10.1097/00006254-197801000-00002

Cited by 41 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…5,7,14 These differences may be attributed to various factors: 1) gestational age, in which different criteria are used to calculate this factor (such as date of last menstruation, weight, height, cranial circumference, and occipital-sacral distance); 2) size of the examined sample; 3) technique, including gross visual inspection of the brain, photographs of fixed brains, and serial cuts of the brain; 4) side, including right and left hemispheres; and 5) inclusion of twin fetuses. Chi et al 5 observed that the superior frontal sulcus, the superior temporal sulcus, and the secondary sulci of the right cerebral hemisphere were visible 1-2 weeks before their appearance in the left hemisphere and that there was a delay of 2 -3 weeks in the development of the sulci in the brains of twins.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Cerebral Sulci Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Based on this hypothesis, the occasional interruption of the central sulcus, for example, is then due to a more significant development of the middle frontoparietal connection (of Broca) that lies in between the precentral and postcentral gyri at the so-called omega region; 3 this occurs at the level of the distal end of the superior frontal sulcus 24 that corresponds to the sulcal root of the central sulcus. Parallel to further understanding their neuroimaging and microneurosurgical applications, 37-39 the embryological and fetal development of human brain sulci has been only scarcely studied, 5,7,13 and is currently of significant interest to also calculate gestational ages with the aid of ultrasonography studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Study of fetal and postnatal morphological development of the brain sulci

Nishikuni¹,

Ribas²

2013

PED

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Object The surface of the developing fetal brain undergoes significant morphological changes during fetal growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological development of the brain sulci from the fetal to the early postnatal period. Methods Two hundred fourteen brain hemispheres from 107 human brain specimens were examined to evaluate the timing of sulcal formation, from its appearance to its complete development. These brains were obtained from cadavers ranging in age from 12 weeks of gestation to 8 months of postnatal life. Results The order of appearance of the cerebral sulci, and the number and percentages of specimens found in this study were as follows: longitudinal cerebral fissure at 12 weeks (10/10, 100%); callosal sulcus at 12 weeks (10/10, 100%); hippocampal sulcus at 15 weeks (7/10, 70%); lateral sulcus at 17 weeks (20/22, 90.9%); circular insular sulcus at 17 weeks (18/22, 81.8%); olfactory sulcus at 17 weeks (18/22, 81.8%); calcarine sulcus at 17 weeks (14/22, 63.6%); parietooccipital sulcus at 17 weeks (11/22, 50%); cingulate sulcus at 19 weeks (16/20, 80%); central sulcus at 21 weeks (22/38, 57.9%); orbital sulcus at 22 weeks (9/16, 56.2%); lunate sulcus at 24 ± 2 weeks (12/16, 75%); collateral sulcus at 24 ± 2 weeks (8/16, 50%); superior frontal sulcus at 25 ± 2 weeks (5/6, 83.3%); rhinal sulcus at 25 ± 2 weeks (3/6, 50%); precentral sulcus at 26 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); postcentral sulcus at 26 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); superior temporal sulcus at 26 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); central insular sulcus at 29 ± 2 weeks (4/4, 100%); intraparietal sulcus at 29 ± 2 weeks (2/4, 50%); paraolfactory sulcus at 29 ± 2 weeks (2/4, 50%); inferior frontal sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); transverse occipital sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); occipitotemporal sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); paracentral sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); subparietal sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); inferior temporal sulcus at 31 ± 3 weeks (3/6, 50%); transverse temporal sulcus at 33 ± 3 weeks (6/8, 75%); and secondary sulcus at 38 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%). Conclusions The brain is subjected to considerable morphological changes throughout gestation. During fetal brain development the cortex begins to fold in, thereby increasing the cortical surface. All primary sulci are formed during fetal life. The appearance of each sulcus follows a characteristic timing pattern, which may be used as one of the reliable guides pertinent to gestational age and normal fetal development.

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Section: Comparative Analysis Of Cerebral Sulci Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of fetal and postnatal morphological development of the brain sulci

Nishikuni¹,

Ribas²

2013

PED

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“…6,7 As cortical development further proceeds, the rotation and compaction of neural tissue buries the insula beneath the sylvian fissure, gradually covering it with the temporoparietal and then frontal lobes. 7,9,11 Before the 16th week of gestation, the ganglionic hillock of the paleocortical mantle lies deep in the insula. This aggregation of cells lateral to the thalamus eventually undergoes lateral division and gives rise to the future caudate nucleus and putamen.…”

Section: Developmental Anatomy Of the Insulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas

Kalani

Gwinn

et al. 2009

FOC

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The human insular cortex, or the lobus insularis, is considered the developmentally most primitive lobe of the telencephalon. Covered by an overlying cortical lid, the insula has functions that are distinct from yet related to those of the adjacent temporal lobe and deep limbic structures. In the first part of this paper the authors outline the development of the human insula, including the cellular heterogeneity comprising the various parts of the insular lobe. Using the understanding gained from the development of the insula they then address implications of insular development for cortical development and connection as well as for tumorigenesis and tumor spread from the insula to other cortical structures, most notably the temporal lobe. An understanding of cortico-insular development and interconnection allows for both a better understanding of insular pathology and also facilitates planning of resection of cortico-insular gliomas to avoid damage to eloquent structures.

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“…Rakic and Sidman 14 (1970), and as reported by Dorovini-Zis and Dolman 12 in 1977 recorded for the kidneys by Singer et al 16 in 1991, are described and illustrated in Tables 6 and 7, and Figures 5 and 6.…”

Section: Developmental Maturationmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…[12][13][14] RECORDING MACROSCOPIC FINDINGS Given that child abuse and neglect are relatively prevalent in Africa, a pathologist may begin to perform a routine teaching autopsy and discover, during the dissection process or later when assimilating ancillary test results, that there are medicolegal implications. It is therefore prudent to develop a habit of making accurate and detailed recordings of the findings where statements such as ''No abnormality discovered'' are avoided.…”

Section: Internal Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pediatric Autopsy in Africa

Kaschula

2013

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.-Within the continent of Africa few countries have been able to practice pathology at the levels present in Europe and the Americas, and pediatric pathology does not exist as a stand-alone specialty. The author was invited by a colleague from Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, to join a group of North American pathologists in presenting a course on the Contribution of Anatomic Pathology for advancing the health of women and children in Africa. The course was held in Ethiopia in June 2011, to review the current state of pediatric pathology in Africa and to provide resources/teaching for improving pediatric pathology services in low-resource settings.Objective.-To provide a succinct description of applicable autopsy techniques and the interpretation of gross, microscopic, and ancillary findings with respect to Africa's need to enhance the health of women and children. The author makes suggestions for obviating possible problems in anticipation of increased demands by national authorities and of public expectations of pathologists who usually have had only general training.Data Sources.-This article is based upon the author's personal experience of practicing pathology in Africa for the past 51 years, which has included visiting pathology laboratories in 9 African countries and interacting with colleagues in 18 additional African countries. The contents of this article are derived from personal observations, recent publications, and information gleaned from Internet sources.Conclusions.-Even without specific training in pediatric pathology, it is possible for pediatric autopsies to be undertaken in Africa and other resource-poor settings, in a manner that facilitates sound decision making for improving the health of women and children.(Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137:756-766; doi: 10.5858/ arpa.2011-0589-RA) T here are several published textbooks [1][2][3][4][5][6] that describe how pediatric autopsies should be undertaken and adapted for particular circumstances. This article attempts to describe methods that are appropriate for general pathologists who practice in Africa and have not received specific training in pediatric autopsy techniques. These suggestions are adaptable to any resource-poor setting and are useful for application by any pathologist with any level of training. Africa has the highest maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality rates in the world, and unfortunately, these have not changed significantly in the past 2 decades. Much effort and resource expenditures have gone into addressing underlying socioeconomic, educational, cultural, and environmental factors without having given adequate attention to the skills and facilities needed to make accurate diagnoses upon which appropriate interventions should be made. It therefore is essential that pediatric autopsies be undertaken by appropriately skilled pathologists having access to affordable resources and who can be confident that health care decision makers will use their diagnoses. In Africa the role of pathologists in the over...

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Gestational Development of Brain

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Study of fetal and postnatal morphological development of the brain sulci

Study of fetal and postnatal morphological development of the brain sulci

Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas

The Pediatric Autopsy in Africa

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