Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Yorkshire Terrier Bitch

Abstract

A 6 yr old pregnant Yorkshire terrier bitch presented 62 days after mating with an acute history of vomiting and coughing. The owners also reported that the dog was polyuric and polydypsic for the last 2 weeks. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis revealed hyperglycemia, ketonemia, ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed and after emergency treatment, including fluid therapy, prophylactic antibiotics, and regular insulin, the bitch whelped six healthy normal puppies. Two weeks after treatment, the bitch was clinically normal with normal fructosamine levels. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of gestational diabetes mellitus in a small breed dog.

Disorders of Growth Hormone

“…The hormone excess is associated with the development of acromegalic features; their severity also varies between individuals. Gestational diabetes mellitus has been reported several times (Norman et al, 2006;Fall et al, 2008;Fall et al, 2010;Armenise et al, 2011). With time, however, further insulin increase is not possible, resulting in glucose intolerance.…”

“…The dogs were intact females and developed the disorder after receiving progestagens for estrus prevention, with age ranges between 4 and 11 years. Gestational diabetes was reported in Elkhounds, Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, Drever, Border Collie, Labrador Retriever, and Yorkshire Terrier, with age ranges between 6 to 8 years (Norman et al, 2006;Fall et al, 2007;Fall et al, 2008;Fall et al, 2010;Armenise et al, 2011). The breeds included Dachshund, Beagle, English Cocker Spaniel, Dalmatian, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Bouvier, and mixed breed dogs (Rijnberk et al, 1980;Eigenmann, 1981b;Eigenmann and Venker-van Haagen, 1981).…”

“…The percentage of the other cell types ranges between 10% and 15%. GH of humans (and other primates) differs considerably (i.e., there is a difference of approximately 33%) (Ascacio-Martínez and Barrera-Saldaña, 1994; Castro-Peralta and Barrera-Saldaña, 1995;Warren et al, 1996;Liu et al, 2001;Wallis, 2008). Somatotrophs are mostly located in the dorsal region of the pars distalis close to the pars intermedia (Meij et al, 2010b).…”

Use of aglepristone for the treatment of P4induced insulin resistance in dogs

“…Gestational diabetes mellitus is a clinical condition characterized by a variable degree of glucose intolerance that can develop during pregnancy, parturition and diestrus [7,10]. During pregnancy, this disease is a rare condition [1]. Moreover the basis of this mechanism has not been fully elucidated.…”

“…Moreover the basis of this mechanism has not been fully elucidated. It is likely that gestational diabetes mellitus exerts a negative impact on fetuses and can compromise pregnancy and newborn viability [1,10]. A high risk of adverse fetal events, including abortion, small unthrifty pups and overly large pups (macrosomia), has been described in diabetics bitches.…”