Gestational weight gain and long-term postpartum weight retention: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is known to be a potential risk factor for short-term postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and thus for overweight in women. Does GWG also determine the long-term risk of overweight in women? Objective: We aimed to study the short-and long-term effects of GWG in accordance with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on postpartum weight retention. Design: We systematically reviewed 5 databases and bibliographies of various publications supplemented by hand search for relevant articles published in English or German and performed meta-analyses to quantify the effect estimate of PPWR by using a random-effects model. We split the data into 4 categories of follow-up: ,0.5, 0.5-1, ;3, and 15 y. Results: Of 1770 search hits, 9 observational studies remained suitable for the analysis. PPWR increased after longer time spans after delivery irrespective of whether GWG had been below, within, or above the guidelines. Compared with women with GWG within the recommendations, those with a GWG above the recommendations retained an additional 3.06 kg (95% CI: 1.50, 4.63 kg) after 3 y and 4.72 kg (95% CI: 2.94, 6.50 kg) on average after 15 y postpartum. Inadequate GWG was associated with less PPWR (22.99 kg; 95% CI: 23.72, 22.27 kg) ,6 mo after pregnancy. This association faded over time and became nonsignificant (21.41 kg; 95% CI: 23.03, 0.21 kg) after 15 y. The results remained stable in sensitivity analyses that accounted for changes in IOM criteria over time and potential effect modification by low social class. A funnel plot did not suggest publication bias. Conclusion: GWG in accordance with the IOM recommendations is associated with long-term effects on PPWR.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1225-31.

Efeitos do ganho de peso gestacional e do aleitamento materno na retenção de peso pós-parto em mulheres da coorte BRISA

“…A RPPP é um fator de risco potencial para o desenvolvimento da obesidade em mulheres em idade fértil 8,35 . Nesta pesquisa, foi observado que o GPG apresenta efeito positivo de alta magnitude, e o efeito do aleitamento materno é negativo e de baixa magnitude na RPPP.…”

“…Estudos prévios demonstraram múltiplos fatores associados à retenção de peso pós-parto (RPPP). Dentre eles, destacam-se o elevado ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) 7,8,9 , a menor idade 10,11 , a primiparidade 12,13 , o menor intervalo interpartal 14 , a pouca prática de atividade física 15 e a menor duração de aleitamento materno 15,16 . Entre os fatores citados, o GPG tem sido identificado como um dos principais determinantes.…”

“…Entre os fatores citados, o GPG tem sido identificado como um dos principais determinantes. Metanálises mostraram que o elevado ganho de peso durante a gestação aumenta as chances de RPPP a curto e longo prazo 8,9,17 .…”

Maternal Gestational and Postdelivery Weight Gain and Child Weight

“…The authors speculate that epigenetics may underlie this finding. However, shared lifestyle was found to be important as well: A meta-analysis reported that excessive GWG according to the IOM criteria is associated with larger postpartum weight retention, 18,19 and because postpartum weight retention was found to be associated with lifestyle characteristics, 20 GWG may also reflect underlying health behaviors present after delivery. A few studies have used a between-sibling design to unravel intrauterine effects from genetic and lifestyle influences, with conflicting results.…”

Weight Gain in Pregnancy: Do Pregnant Women Receive Correct Weight Gain Recommendation in Prenatal Care? (Ödemiş / İzmir)

“…Gebelikte aşırı GKA'nın kısa ve uzun dönemde postpartum kilo tutulumuna neden olduğu saptanmıştır. [7][8][9][10] Postpartum kilo tutulumu, kadınlar obezitenin ve obeziteyle ilişkili olan kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, diyabet ve bazı kanser türlerinin artmasına neden olur. 10,11 S So on nu uç ç o ol la ar ra ak k; ; araştırma sonucu prenatal bakımda kadınların yaklaşık yarısı GKA önerisi almış ve kadınların sadece beşte biri güncel 2009 yılı IOM rehber önerileri sınırları içinde doğru kilo alım öne-risi almıştır.…”