Gesundheitliches Gefährdungspotenzial von Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. nov.) in Säuglingsnahrung

Abstract

Under inadequate hygienic conditions, opportunistic bacteria may multiply in powdered infant formula (PIF) and cause severe, often fatal neonatal infections. Enterobacter sakazakii has obtained Public Health relevance causing neonatal meningitis (often fatal), bacteremia and necrotizing enterocolitis. At highest risk are neonates up to two months of age. The new genus designation Cronobacter spp. nov. has been proposed to replace Enterobacter sakazakii. Enterobacter sakazakii is relatively resistant to osmotic and dry stress and may survive in PIF more than 2 years. (Inter)national organisations (EFSA, FAO, WHO, ESPGHAN, DGKJ, OGKJ, ISO) published their opinions recently. Manufacturers can minimize the risk of contamination of PIF by continuously improving technologies and by microbiological surveillance. Institutional and private consumers may reduce the risk of infection by using appropriate hygienic procedures.

Development of a rapid detection system for opportunistic pathogenic Cronobacter spp. in powdered milk products

“…Contamination can be minimized by improving hygiene in PIF manufacturing such as continuous microbiological control of final goods as well as storage and preparation instructions on the packaging. Especially after drying and heat processes, strict hygiene measures should be applied (Friedemann, 2008;Lehner and Stephan, 2004). Furthermore, hygiene sensitive areas in plants such as agglomeration, where re-moistening can occur, and drain systems should be controlled and inspected to prevent the risk of contaminations with Cronobacter spp.…”

Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Cronobacter sakazakii and Enterobacter spp. Involved in the Diarrheic Hemorrhagic Outbreak in Mexico

“…From 2003 to 2009, 544 cases of Cronobacter spp. infection were identified in 6 states of the United States, especially among children <5 years of age ( Patrick et al, 2014 ), indeed, Cronobacter is the genus that is the most commonly involved in cases of illness associated mainly with the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) rehydrated ( Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO] and World Health Organization [WHO], 2004 , 2006 ) although, additional possible reservoirs from preparation utensils and the environment have been recognized ( Friedemann, 2008 ; Siqueira-Santos et al, 2013 ; Holy and Forsythe, 2014 ) and contaminated expressed breast milk, where C. malonaticus strain was isolated from a breast abscess ( Bowen et al, 2017 ). Additionally, C. sakazakii has been isolated from the enteral feeding tubes of neonates not fed reconstituted infant formula ( Hurrell et al, 2009 ).…”

Cellular Injuries in Cronobacter sakazakii CIP 103183T and Salmonella enterica Exposed to Drying and Subsequent Heat Treatment in Milk Powder

“…Salmonella enterica and Cronobacter sakazakii are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, nonspore-forming bacteria that cause human disease ( Beuchat et al, 2013 ). They are of major concern in the infant-food industry ( Podolak et al, 2010 ), because ingestion of very few (10–100) S. enterica cells by young children causes severe illness ( Rotger and Casadesús, 1999 ), and C. sakazakii can cause severe infections such as meningitis, bacteremia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants, with a death rate up to 80% and an infectious dose estimated 10 3 cells ( Friedemann, 2008 ; Strydom et al, 2012 ).…”