Gesundheitsschäden und Todesfälle durch Doping

Toxicology of Specific Substances

“…While deaths attributed to the misuse of stimulants were characterised by the more or less instantaneously occurring consequences such as intoxication, heat stroke and so on (Bernheim and Cox 1960), fatalities in relation to other doping agents such as AASs are usually time-delayed (up to many years) but provide numerous indicators in terms of morphological alterations (Kindermann 2006;Kohler et al 2008). These include cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and necrosis, hepatic and renal tumours and atherosclerosis, and have been observed in various autopsies of recreational or professional bodybuilders (Lüderwald et al 2008).…”

‘Pool of responsibility’: A new approach to doping prevention

“…There have been numerous pieces of research that have demonstrated the harmful effects of certain substances used for doping (Beastall-Gibson-Martin-1995;Kohler-Thevis-Schänzer-Püschel 2008). Similarly, it is argued in each piece of anti-doping legislature, that one of the primary reasons for anti-doping policies is in order to protect the health of athletes due to the negative health effects of doping agents.…”

“…Similarly, it is argued in each piece of anti-doping legislature, that one of the primary reasons for anti-doping policies is in order to protect the health of athletes due to the negative health effects of doping agents. There is signifi cant evidence demonstrating the harmful consequences of some doping products (BeastallGibson-Martin 1995;Kohler-Thevis-Schänzer-Püschel 2008). There is little debate on the serious health side effects (including death) of well-established doping agents such as steroids (Kicman-Gower 2003;James-Gower 2004) and Human Growth Hormones (Bengtsson-Eden-Ernest-Odén-Sjögren 1988;Haupt 1993).…”

The punishment of gene doping – The relation between WADA prohibited lists, German Medicinal Products Act, German Doping Agents Amounts Ordinance, and Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany

“…On account of the new and partly different attempts with gene doping, considerable health risks exist whose effects can not currently evaluated according to the present scientific level of knowledge. As possible health risks, immunological reactions caused by the transfer of inactivated viruses, autoimmunological reactions, negative influence on the growth of the myocardium or leukaemia are described . Hence, beside possible punishments from the AMG, convictions also are possible because of sections in the criminal code (Strafgesetzbuch – StGB) such as offences against life (Section 211 StGB and following sections) or offences against the person (Section 223 StGB and following sections).…”

“…As possible health risks, immunological reactions caused by the transfer of inactivated viruses, autoimmunological reactions, negative influence on the growth of the myocardium or leukaemia are described. [7] Hence, beside possible punishments from the AMG, convictions also are possible because of sections in the criminal code (Strafgesetzbuch -StGB) such as offences against life (Section 211 StGB and following sections) or offences against the person (Section 223 StGB and following sections). The punishments in the AMG as described in detail are called supplementary penal provisions to the Criminal code.…”