Getting emotional about affect and mood

Kaufmann, Cornelia; Agalawatta, Neelya; Bell, Erica; Malhi, Gin S

doi:10.1177/0004867420943943

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Finally, it is important to note that typically, emotional symptoms fluctuate and may do so even within the period of 1 day (diurnal variation), and so it may be necessary to assess patients at different times of the day to obtain an accurate picture of their mental state (Kaufmann et al, 2020). It is also important to remember that symptoms can be masked by medication.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders

Malhi

Bell

Bassett³

et al. 2020

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Objectives: To provide advice and guidance regarding the management of mood disorders, derived from scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus to formulate s that maximise clinical utility. Methods: Articles and information sourced from search engines including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were supplemented by literature known to the mood disorders committee (e.g. books, book chapters and government reports) and from published depression and bipolar disorder guidelines. Relevant information was appraised and discussed in detail by members of the mood disorders committee, with a view to formulating and developing consensus-based recommendations and clinical guidance. The guidelines were subjected to rigorous consultation and external review involving: expert and clinical advisors, key stakeholders, professional bodies and specialist groups with interest in mood disorders. Results: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists mood disorders clinical practice guidelines 2020 (MDcpg2020) provide up-to-date guidance regarding the management of mood disorders that is informed by evidence and clinical experience. The guideline is intended for clinical use by psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians and others with an interest in mental health care. Conclusion: The MDcpg2020 builds on the previous 2015 guidelines and maintains its joint focus on both depressive and bipolar disorders. It provides up-to-date recommendations and guidance within an evidence-based framework, supplemented by expert clinical consensus. Mood disorders committee: Gin S Malhi (Chair), Erica Bell, Darryl Bassett, Philip Boyce, Richard Bryant, Philip Hazell, Malcolm Hopwood, Bill Lyndon, Roger Mulder, Richard Porter, Ajeet B Singh and Greg Murray.

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Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders

Malhi

Bell

Bassett³

et al. 2020

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

Self Cite

348

365

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unlike mood, which is considered a more pervasive and sustained emotional “climate,” affect refers to shorter more reactive emotional states [ 10 ]. Affective dysregulation is associated with the development and maintenance of SUDs [ 3 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acute Exercise on Affect, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem in Poly-Substance Dependent Inpatients

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Negative affect and anxiety frequently precede the onset of drug use in those with substance use disorder (SUD). Low self-esteem may increase the risk of relapse. We examined the short-term effects of exercise on affect, anxiety, and self-esteem in inpatients with poly-SUD. Methods: This is a multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) with a crossover design. Thirty-eight inpatients (37.3 ± 6.4 years; 84% male) from three clinics participated in 45 min of soccer, circuit training, and control condition (psychoeducation) in a random order. Positive and negative affect (PANAS), state anxiety (single item), and self-esteem (Rosenberg SE-scale) were measured immediately before, immediately after, 1-h, 2-h, and 4-h post-exercise. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were taken. Effects were assessed using linear mixed effects models. Results: Compared to the control condition, there were significant post-exercise improvements in positive affect (β = 2.99, CI = 0.39: 5.58), self-esteem (β = 1.84, CI = 0.49: 3.20), and anxiety (β = −0.69, CI = −1.34: −0.04) after circuit training (shown) and soccer. Effects persisted 4-h post-exercise. Reductions in negative affect were observed 2-h (circuit training: β = −3.39, CI = −6.35: −1.51) and 4-h (soccer: β = −3.71, CI = −6.03: −1.39) post-exercise, respectively. Conclusion: Moderately strenuous exercise undertaken in naturalistic settings may improve mental health symptoms in poly-SUD inpatients for up to 4-h post-exercise.

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“…As may be clear from the previous paragraph, the terms “affect,” “mood,” and even “emotion,” are sometimes used interchangeably. This does little to establish conceptual clarity ( Barrett and Russell, 1999 ; Kaufmann et al, 2020 ). DSM-V ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ) defines “affect” as “a pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion),” examples of which include “sadness, elation, and anger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common examples of mood include depression, elation, anger, and anxiety” (p.824). Mood and affect are also distinguished in terms the time course over which they both typically change from “seconds and minutes” in the case of affect, to days, weeks, or months, in the case of mood (see Kaufmann et al, 2020 ). Of course, affect and mood will both be readily impacted by life circumstances, but typically our constant routines are designed to avoid such challenges, and thus we are more likely to observe changes in affect, rather than mood in our laboratory studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Effects of Sleep Restriction, Total Sleep Deprivation, and Sleep Timing on Positive and Negative Affect

Groeger

Santhi

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Laboratory-based sleep manipulations show asymmetries between positive and negative affect, but say little about how more specific moods might change. We report extensive analyzes of items from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) during days following nights of chronic sleep restriction (6 h sleep opportunity), during 40 h of acute sleep deprivation under constant routine conditions, and during a week-long forced desynchrony protocol in which participants lived on a 28-h day. Living in the laboratory resulted in medium effects sizes on all positive moods (Attentiveness, General Positive Affect, Joviality, Assuredness), with a general deterioration as the days wore on. These effects were not found with negative moods. Sleep restriction reduced some positive moods, particularly Attentiveness (also General Positive), and increased Hostility. A burden of chronic sleep loss also led to lower positive moods when participants confronted the acute sleep loss challenge, and all positive moods, as well as Fearfulness, General Negative Affect and Hostility were affected. Sleeping at atypical circadian phases resulted in mood changes: all positive moods reduced, Hostility and General Negative Affect increased. Deteriorations increased the further participants slept from their typical nocturnal sleep. In most cases the changes induced by chronic or acute sleep loss or mistimed sleep waxed or waned across the waking day, with linear or various non-linear trends best fitting these time-awake-based changes. While extended laboratory stays do not emulate the fluctuating emotional demands of everyday living, these findings demonstrate that even in controlled settings mood changes systematically as sleep is shortened or mistimed.

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Getting emotional about affect and mood

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders

The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders

Effects of Acute Exercise on Affect, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem in Poly-Substance Dependent Inpatients

Contrasting Effects of Sleep Restriction, Total Sleep Deprivation, and Sleep Timing on Positive and Negative Affect

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