Gewurztraminer Grapevines Respond to Length of Water Stress Duration

Reynolds, Andrew G.; Parchomchuk, P.; Berard, R.; Hogue, E. J.

doi:10.1300/j492v05n04_09

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1). Previous work has shown that cover crops can impact compounds important to wine aroma (Reynolds et al, 2005;Xi et al, 2011), but there was no clear cause of the perceived differences in wine aroma by any of the measured variables in this experiment.…”

Section: Uvt Zcontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Introducing competition through the use of under-vine cover crops could be beneficial in viticultural regions that receive ample rainfall during the growing season, which can subsequently promote excessive vegetative growth of vines. Cover crop use in the interrows of wine grape vineyards outside of the northeastern United States have been found to reduce measures of vine vigor, including shoot and lateral shoot growth, leaf layers in the canopy, individual leaf area, and pruning weights (Morlat and Jacquet, 2003;Reynolds et al, 2005;Tesic et al, 2007;Wheeler et al, 2005) brought vine balance and yield growth measures closer to ideal standards (Monteiro and Lopes, 2007;Sicher et al, 1993). In the humid mid-Atlantic region of the United States, perennial grass under-vine covers reduced vine growth (Giese et al, 2014) and improved the cluster and leaf exposure flux availabilities (Hatch et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Jordan

Björkman

Heuvel

2016

hortte

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In the cool and humid climate of the northeastern United States, vegetation is typically maintained between the rows of wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards, but the area directly beneath vines is conventionally kept bare using herbicides or cultivation, to reduce competition for water and nutrients. Yet with rising concerns of herbicide resistance, environmental contamination, and soil erosion, alternatives to maintaining bare ground in vineyards should be considered. In warmer and more arid climates, using cover crops as an alternative to bare soil has sometimes resulted in reduced vine growth and yields. In more cool and humid climates, like in the northeastern United States, where conditions can promote excessive vine growth, replacing bare soil with under-vine cover crops was hypothesized to improve vine growth characteristics and fruit quality from reducing excessive vigor. This study compared three annual under-vine cover crops of resident vegetation (RES), buckwheat (BW) (Fagopyrum esculentum), and annual ryegrass (ARG) (Lolium multiflorum), planted in the 1-m-wide strip directly under vines at the start of each growing season, against the conventional weed-free under-vine row maintained with glyphosate. The experiment was established in 2011 and repeated in 2012 and 2013 in a 20-year-old block of ‘Riesling’ wine grapes (clone 198 on S04 rootstock) in a commercial vineyard in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Harvested grapes were fermented in duplicate using standard white wine procedures. Among the four under-vine treatments, no significant differences were found in measures of vegetative growth, yield, petiole nutrient concentrations at veraison, or predawn and midday stem water potentials. Under-vine treatments were not found to significantly affect soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and nutrient concentrations. Juice characteristics were also not significantly different among treatments. In this study, the mature vines in this rain-fed ‘Riesling’ vineyard likely had a well-developed and extensive rooting system that was able to overcome any competition effects for water or nutrients from the comparatively shallow root systems of the annually established cover crops. Without any induced competition in the conditions of this study, under-vine cover crops had no effects on vine growth, yield, or juice characteristics when compared with conventional herbicide use in the under-vine row. When multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was used to determine differences in aroma among wine treatment replicates, treatments were found to significantly impact the perceived aromatic properties of the wines, even though no measures of growth or juice characteristics were affected. Using under-vine vegetation may be a viable alternative to conventional herbicide use for vineyard floor management in mature wine grape vineyards in cool and humid climates.

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Section: Uvt Zcontrasting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Jordan

Björkman

Heuvel

2016

hortte

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“…TVE, on the other hand, appeared to be diminished by increasing soil moisture, but increased by increasing Ts rate. This observation is more in accordance with Reynolds et al (2006) who observed that early and midseason moisture stress reduced concentration of monoterpenes in 'Gewürztraminer' (V. vinifera) berries.…”

Section: Aroma Compoundssupporting

confidence: 92%

Irrigation Scheduling for ‘Sovereign Coronation’ Table Grapes Based on Evapotranspiration Calculations and Crop Coefficients

Reynolds¹,

Ehtaiwesh²,

Savigny³

2009

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Several irrigation treatments were evaluated on 'Sovereign Coronation' (Vitis labruscana) table grapes at two vineyard sites in Ontario, Canada in 2003 to 2005 to assess the usefulness of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Penman-Monteith equation for predicting vine irrigation needs. Data (relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and temperature) for calculating reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) were downloaded from the Ontario Weather Network. The five irrigation treatments were nonirrigated control plus four based on combinations of one of two ET o values [100% (ET100) or 150% (ET150)] and two crop coefficients [Kc (fixed at 0.75 or 0.5-0.8 based upon increasing canopy volume)] used to calculate the required irrigation water volume. Transpiration (Ts), leaf water potential (c), and soil moisture data were collected in all three seasons. Yield components data were collected and berries were analyzed for soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity (TA), anthocyanins, methyl anthranilate (MA), and total volatile esters (TVE). Irrigation typically increased Ts rate and soil moisture; the nonirrigated treatment showed consistently lower Ts and soil moisture over the three seasons. Irrigation also increased leaf c, which was lower throughout the three seasons for nonirrigated vines. Irrigation additionally increased yield and its various components (clusters per vine, cluster weight, and berries per cluster) in 2005. Berry weights were higher for irrigated treatments at both sites, and were consistently the main variable leading to yield increases. Soluble solids was highest for the K c = 0.75 treatments. pH, TA, anthocyanins, and phenols were highest in nonirrigated treatments in 2003 and 2004, but were highest in irrigated treatments in 2005. MA and TVE were highest in the ET150 treatments. The use of irrigation was effective in reducing water stress and for improving yield and fruit composition of 'Sovereign Coronation' table grapes in the Niagara region of Ontario. The ET150 treatments were particularly beneficial. Soil and vine water status measurements indicated that irrigation was required for Summer 2003 and 2005 due to dry conditions.

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“…In other studies, limited water availability also increased glucoconjugates of aroma compounds and increased wine quality (Koundouras et al 2006). Reducing irrigation led to increased concentrations of monoterpenes (McCarthy and Coombe 1985), but others indicated that prolonged irrigation deficits reduced monoterpenes in berries (Reynolds and Wardle 1997;Reynolds et al 2005). In the latter study, in Gewürztraminer grapevines, decreasing the duration of water stress increased FVT and PVT at harvest.…”

Section: Monoterpenesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Spatial variability in Ontario Riesling vineyards. II. Berry composition

Willwerth

Reynolds

2020

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Spatial variability of berry composition was studied over a 3-yr period in 10 Riesling vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario. Vineyards were delineated using global positioning systems (GPS), and 75–80 sentinel vines were georeferenced within a sampling grid for data collection. During 2005–2007, vine water status measurements [leaf water potential (ψ)] were collected biweekly from a subset of these sentinel vines. Data were collected on soil texture and composition, soil water content (SWC; %), leaf ψ, and fruit composition. These variables were mapped using GIS software, and relationships between them were elucidated. Temporal stability in spatial patterns of soil texture and composition, SWC, leaf ψ, soluble solids (Brix), titratable acidity, and monoterpenes were examined. Spatial trends in leaf ψ and (or) SWC showed widespread evidence of temporal stability. Fruit composition variables were not as stable over a 3-yr period. Spatial trends in Brix were temporally stable in seven vineyards, free volatile terpenes were temporally stable in three vineyards, and potentially volatile terpenes were temporally stable in two vineyards. Consistent leaf ψ zones were identified, and these were temporally stable despite different climatic conditions. Furthermore, some soil variables, and particularly vine water status, may contribute significantly to the terroir effect through their effects on vine size and fruit composition. For some vineyards, many viticulture and fruit composition variables were also temporally stable. There was evidence of strong spatial relationships between leaf ψ and fruit composition, suggesting a strong relationship between berry composition and vine water status.

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Gewurztraminer Grapevines Respond to Length of Water Stress Duration

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

Irrigation Scheduling for ‘Sovereign Coronation’ Table Grapes Based on Evapotranspiration Calculations and Crop Coefficients

Spatial variability in Ontario Riesling vineyards. II. Berry composition

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