Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Delayed Gastric Emptying

Harsch, Igor Alexander; Koebnick, Corinna; Tasi, Atingwa M.; Hahn, Eckhart G.; Konturek, Peter C.

doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0622-2

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…With peripheral and central administration, obestatin was found to antagonize ghrelin's effects on food intake, body weight, and gastric emptying, but not on GH levels 28. Studies on obestatin/ghrelin ratio in the GI tract and plasma have been reported to be associated with some disease such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), obesity, and type II diabetes mellitus 29-31…”

Section: Ghrelin-family Peptides and Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Disease

Cheung

2013

Gut Liver

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Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide that plays multiple roles in humans and other mammals. The functions of ghrelin include food intake regulation, gastrointestinal (GI) motility, and acid secretion by the GI tract. Many GI disorders involving infection, inflammation, and malignancy are also correlated with altered ghrelin production and secretion. Although suppressed ghrelin responses have already been observed in various GI disorders, such as chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and cachexia, elevated ghrelin responses have also been reported in celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, we recently reported that decreased fasting and postprandial ghrelin levels were observed in female patients with functional dyspepsia compared with healthy subjects. These alterations of ghrelin responses were significantly correlated with meal-related symptoms (bloating and early satiation) in female functional dyspepsia patients. We therefore support the notion that abnormal ghrelin responses may play important roles in various GI disorders. Furthermore, human clinical trials and animal studies involving the administration of ghrelin or its receptor agonists have shown promising improvements in gastroparesis, anorexia, and cancer. This review summarizes the impact of ghrelin, its family of peptides, and its receptors on GI diseases and proposes ghrelin modulation as a potential therapy.

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Section: Ghrelin-family Peptides and Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Disease

Cheung

2013

Gut Liver

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“…Studies in humans did not show differences in the microscopic appearance of the subdiaphragmatic vagus in diabetic patients [94]. However, the postprandial increase in PPY and ghrelin is blunted or absent in patients with diabetic or postsurgical gastroparesis, but not idiopathic gastroparesis, suggesting that the function rather than the light-microscopic structure of vagal pathways is abnormal in this subset of patients [95, 96]. Looking beyond just vagal pathways, several investigators described changes in nerve fiber density within the stomach or ultrastructural changes in nerve fibers of patients with gastroparesis [97–100].…”

Section: Disease Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroparesis: Concepts, Controversies, and Challenges

Bielefeldt

2012

Scientifica

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Patients with gastroparesis often present a challenge to the treating physician. Postprandial symptoms with nausea and vomiting may not only lead to nutritional and metabolic consequences, but also cause significant disruptions to social activities that often center around food. While the definition of gastroparesis focuses on impaired gastric emptying, treatment options that affect gastric function are limited and often disappointing. The female predominance, the mostly idiopathic nature of the illness with a common history of abuse, and coexisting anxiety or depression show parallels with other functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. These parallels provided the rationale for some initial studies investigating alternative therapies that target the brain rather than the stomach. This emerging shift in medical therapy comes at a time when clinical studies suggest that gastric electrical stimulation may exert its effects by modulating visceral sensory processing rather than altering gastric motility. Physiologic and detailed anatomic investigations also support a more complex picture with different disease mechanisms, ranging from impaired accommodation to apparent visceral hypersensitivity or decreased interstitial cells of Cajal to inflammatory infiltration of myenteric ganglia. Delayed gastric emptying remains the endophenotype defining gastroparesis. However, our treatment options go beyond prokinetics and may allow us to improve the quality of life of affected individuals.

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“…Contrary to the mentioned findings, a recent study showed that long-term increase in blood glucose or hyperglycemia reduces ghrelin secretion (9). In another study, too, no interaction was observed between ghrelin and food intake and energy regulation, at least in diabetic patients (10). The findings of another study indicate that a low-dose i.v.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Moreover, imbalance in secretion of certain peptide hormones, by adipose tissue such as cytokines or ghrelin and obestatin level can not be ignored in increasing blood glucose in diabetic patients (8,9). At the same time, ghrelin is a hormone implicated in hunger and long-term regulation of body weight (10). The plasma levels of this 28amino-acid peptide hormone increases shortly before meals and reduces shortly after meals (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Ghrelin, Insulin and Glucose Levels are Correlated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Eizadi¹

2011

Acta Endo (Buc)

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Background. The research evidence have suggested that ghrelin, a neuropeptide containing 28 amino acids, plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and its concentration is increased in diabetes.Objective. To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of ghrelin, insulin, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods. Fasting glucose, insulin, ghrelin and glycated hemoglobin were measured after a 12-14 hours overnight fasting in 48 adult males with type 2 diabeties. Pearson correlations were used to establish the relationship between ghrelin concentration and other variables. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. There were no correlations between serum ghrelin and Systolic and diastole blood pressure and body mass index (p<0.05). Serum ghrelin is weakly associated with glycated hemoglobin (p=0.076, R=0.19). Serum ghrelin concentrations were positively correlated with fasting glucose (p=0.005, R=0.40). In addition, ghrelin correlated negatively with serum insulin (p=0.013, r=-0.36).Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that high ghrelin concentration is accompanied with increase in blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients, and support this hypothesis that this neuropeptide plays a pathophysiological role in this disease.

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Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Delayed Gastric Emptying

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Role of Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Disease

Role of Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Disease

Gastroparesis: Concepts, Controversies, and Challenges

Serum Ghrelin, Insulin and Glucose Levels are Correlated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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