Ghrelin Strongly Stimulates Growth Hormone Release in Humans

Takaya, Kazuhiko; Ariyasu, Hiroyuki; Kanamoto, Naotetsu; Iwakura, Hiroshi; Yoshimoto, Akihiro; Hara, Masaki; Mori, Kiyoshi; Komatsu, Yasato; Usui, Takeshi; Shimatsu, Akira; Ogawa, Yoshihiro; Hosoda, Kiminori; Akamizu, Takashi; Kojima, Masayasu; Kangawa, Kenji; Nakao, Kazuwa

doi:10.1210/jcem.85.12.7167

Cited by 622 publications

(384 citation statements)

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“…The GH-releasing activity of ghrelin is more marked in humans than in animals (Kojima et al, 1999;Seoane et al, 2000;Smith et al, 1997;Takaya et al, 2000). In humans, the GH response to ghrelin was considerably greater than that observed following administration of GHRH or synthetic GHSs (Arvat et al, 2001;Bowers, 2001;Seoane et al, 2000;Takaya et al, 2000), whereas in rats the GH-releasing potency of ghrelin was similar to that of GHRH (Kojima et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of growth hormone secretagogues on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones in young and old healthy dogs

Bhatti

Duchateau

Ham

et al. 2006

The Veterinary Journal

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The effects of three growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs), ghrelin, growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and on cortisol were investigated in young and old healthy Beagle dogs.Ghrelin proved to be the most potent GHS in young dogs, whereas in old dogs GHRH administration was associated with the highest plasma GH concentrations. The mean plasma GH response after administration of ghrelin was significantly lower in the old dogs compared with the young dogs. The mean plasma GH concentration after GHRH and GHRP-6 administration was lower in the old dogs compared with the young dogs, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In both age groups, the GHSs were specific for GH release as they did not cause significant elevations in the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, TSH, LH, and PRL. It is concluded that in young dogs, ghrelin is a more powerful stimulator of GH release than either GHRH or GHRP-6. Ageing is associated with a decrease in GH-releasing capacity of ghrelin, whereas this decline is considerably lower for GHRH or GHRP-6.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of growth hormone secretagogues on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones in young and old healthy dogs

Bhatti

Duchateau

Ham

et al. 2006

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Its structure is highly conserved among mammals, and it has been detected in chickens, fish and bullfrogs (Tritos and Kokkotou, 2006). Ghrelin is a potent secretogue of growth hormone from the pituitary through binding to the GHS receptor (Takaya et al, 2000). Circulating ghrelin exists in both an acylated and nonacylated form.…”

Section: Diverse Actions In Diverse Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: Cephalic phase responses

2008

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Anticipatory physiological regulation is an adaptive strategy that enables animals to respond faster to physiologic and metabolic challenges. The cephalic phase responses are anticipatory responses that prepare animals to digest, absorb and metabolize nutrients. They enable the sensory aspects of the food to interact with the metabolic state of the animal to influence feeding behavior. The anticipatory digestive secretions and metabolic adjustments in response to food cues are key adaptations that affect digestive and metabolic efficiency and aid in controlling the resulting elevation of metabolic fuels in the blood. Cephalic phase responses enable digestion, metabolism and appetite to be regulated in a coordinated fashion. These responses have significant effects on meal size. For example, if the cephalic phase insulin response is blocked the result is poor glucose control and smaller meals. Cephalic phase responses also are linked to motivation to feed, and may play a more direct role in regulating meal size beyond the permissive one of ameliorating negative consequences of feeding. For example, the orexigenic peptide ghrelin appears to display a cephalic phase response, rising before expected meal times. This anticipatory ghrelin response increases appetite; interestingly it also enhances fat absorption, linking appetite with digestion and metabolism.

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“…Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand specific for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor, was discovered in 1999 by Kojima et al 1 Besides being a strong stimulator of GH secretion, 2,3 several studies have reported ghrelin to be a potent peptide involved in appetite and food regulation, as it increases food intake and promotes adiposity in both humans and animals. [4][5][6] Reduced levels have been reported in obese subjects, 7,8 whereas increased concentrations have been found in patients with anorexia nervosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

et al. 2006

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Objective: It has been proposed that the success of maintained weight loss in morbidly obese subjects following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery depends on inappropriately low circulating concentrations of the appetite-stimulating peptide ghrelin, being unresponsive to food intake. In this study, this hypothesis was examined. Design: Cross-sectional study with repeated blood samples in 40 subjects after 14 h of prolonged overnight fasting followed by a standardized mixed meal (770 kcal). Subjects: Twenty men and 20 women were included: 10 middle-aged morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) 43.973.3 kg/ m 2 ), 10 middle-aged subjects who had undergone RYGBP at the Uppsala University Hospital (BMI 34.775.8 kg/m 2 ), 10 middleaged non-obese (BMI 23.572.2 kg/m 2 ) and 10 young non-obese (BMI 22.771.8 kg/m 2 ). Measurements: Ghrelin, glucose and insulin levels were analysed pre-and postprandially. Results: In the morbidly obese, ghrelin concentrations were lower in the morning than in the RYGBP group and did not change following the meal. In the RYGBP group, fasting ghrelin levels fell after meal intake and showed similar suppression as both agematched and young non-obese controls. The RYGBP surgery resulted in an increased meal-induced insulin secretion, which was related to the degree of postprandial ghrelin suppression. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates low circulating concentrations of ghrelin and blunted responses to fast and feeding in morbidly obese subjects. Marked weight reduction after RYGBP at our hospital is followed by a normalization of ghrelin secretion, illustrated by increased fasting levels compared to the preoperative obese state and regain of meal-induced ghrelin suppression.

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Ghrelin Strongly Stimulates Growth Hormone Release in Humans

Cited by 622 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of growth hormone secretagogues on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones in young and old healthy dogs

Effects of growth hormone secretagogues on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones in young and old healthy dogs

Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: Cephalic phase responses

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

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