Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome Following Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination

Abstract

We report a three-year-old Korean boy who presented with itching symmetrical erythematous macules and papules on his face, trunk, and extremities for 1 week. Lymphadenopathies were detected on physical examination. He was vaccinated against Japanese B Encephalitis (JE) 1 day before developing skin rashes. The patient's serum JE antibody titer by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) test was 1:40. Under the diagnosis of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome following JE vaccination, he was conservatively treated with an antihistamine agent, and his symptoms were all cleared 2 weeks after treatment.

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

“…Many other subsequent case reports have also documented this phenomenon days to weeks after vaccination. 26,41,[62][63][64][65][66][67] It appears that many of these children have had a clinically apparent or even subclinical viral infection at the time of their immunization (Table III). In the experience of Haug et al, 63 GCS only developed after the initial immunization and did not recur with the subsequent immunizations.…”

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome following immunization in an 18 months old child

“…Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a self-limiting dermatosis of unknown etiology affecting children. [ 1 ] It is characterized by papular eruption with a symmetrical distribution over the limbs and face. GCS was initially believed to be associated exclusively with Hepatitis B infection but later other viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, coxsackie, adenovirus, enterovirus, rotavirus, rubella, parainfluenza, HIV, human herpes virus 6, echovirus, parvovirus, mumps, molluscum contagiosum, and respiratory syncytial virus have been implicated as well.…”

“…GCS was initially believed to be associated exclusively with Hepatitis B infection but later other viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, coxsackie, adenovirus, enterovirus, rotavirus, rubella, parainfluenza, HIV, human herpes virus 6, echovirus, parvovirus, mumps, molluscum contagiosum, and respiratory syncytial virus have been implicated as well. [ 1 2 ] Even bacterial infections due to Borrelia burgdorferi , Bartonella henselae , β-hemolytic streptococci, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae , as well as preceding immunization have been found to be associated with GCS. [ 1 2 ] We report a case of GCS in an 18-month-old child associated with diptheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) booster vaccination.…”

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome in Two Adult Patients

“…16 Gianotti-Crosti syndrome has also been reported following vaccination for hepatitis B; influenza; polio; measles, mumps, and rubella; and Japanese encephalitis. 5,18,[22][23][24][25] The clinical appearance of skin lesions in both children and adults is relatively nonspecific for the causative virus, and the phenotypic variations are likely secondary to the age and immune status of the patient. 16 The term Gianotti-Crosti syndrome encompasses all benign and self-limited acral skin eruptions with a papular or papulovesicular appearance secondary to a viral infection and is self-resolving within weeks.…”