Giant electric field-induced strain and structure evolution of NaTaO3-modified 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3 Pb-free ceramics

High energy storage density achieved in BNT‐based ferroelectric translucent ceramics under low electric fields

“…The peak at T s is caused by the diffusion phase transition from the polar R 3 c phase (rhombohedral phase) to the weakly polar P 4 bm phase (tetragonal phase) over a wide temperature range, and is associated with thermal relaxation in PNRs 4,38–40 . The peak in T m is mainly due to the transition from the R 3 c phase to the P 4 bm phase and the presence of abundant PNRs of the P 4 bm phase 41–44 . The frequency dispersion phenomena were observed in all the samples.…”

“…The frequency dispersion refers to the phenomenon where the dielectric constant decreases and the peak position shifts with increasing frequency 45 . The samples exhibit strong frequency dispersion near T s and T m , which is related to the diffusion phase transition of the R 3 c phase and the evolution of PNRs in the P 4 bm phase 42,46 . After the introduction of BZT, ε r significantly increases, which can be explained by the fact that Ba 2+ ions can enhance ε r of the sample 26 .…”

“…45 The samples exhibit strong frequency dispersion near T s and T m , which is related to the diffusion phase transition of the R3c phase and the evolution of PNRs in the P4bm phase. 42,46 After the introduction of BZT, ε r significantly increases, which can be explained by the fact that Ba 2+ ions can enhance ε r of the sample. 26 Subsequently, the decrease in ε r caused by higher concentrations of BZT doping is primarily attributed to the increased compositional disorder of A-site (Bi 3+ , Na + , Ba 2+ and Er 3+ ) and B-site (Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ ), leading to an increase in PNRs and subsequent dilution effects, as well as the resulting complexity in the orientation of electric dipoles within the PNRs.…”

“…4,[38][39][40] The peak in T m is mainly due to the transition from the R3c phase to the P4bm phase and the presence of abundant PNRs of the P4bm phase. [41][42][43][44] The frequency dispersion phenomena were observed in all the samples. The frequency dispersion refers to the phenomenon where the dielectric constant decreases and the peak position shifts with increasing frequency.…”