Giant Neonatal Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation: An Imaging and Management Challenge

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Massive Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation as a Cause of Fetal Heart Failure

“…Primary pulmonary AVMs are a rare congenital defect, presenting more often in the lower lobes. The clinical spectrum is varied and depends on lesion size, ranging from asymptomatic patients, presenting in adult life, to more severe cases that may rarely present in the fetal period [ 3 ]. Even though they can occur sporadically, up to 70% of cases are associated with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome [ 1 ].…”

“…Besides the potential for acute complications, there is a significant recanalization risk. Surgical options include ligation, lobectomy, or pneumectomy [ 3 ].…”

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Incidentalloma in a 10-Years-Old Child

“…1,7 The age of diagnosis is very variable, range neonatal to adulthood mostly diagnosed in the first 3 decades of life. 3,7,9 Generally, clinical manifestations occur later in life. 2,4,7 Symptoms of the PAVM depend on mostly size and less on number of lesions.…”

“…2,7 Echocardiography usually shows normal intracardiac anatomy. 9 Magnetic resonance imaging is less efficient than the scanner in PAVMs, and therefore less used. But it can be very useful in cerebral and hepatic AVMs in the context of HHT.…”

“…Children with possible or confirmed HHT should be screened for lung, brain, liver AVMs. 1,9 PAVMs may increase in size and cause a variety of life-threatening complications, such as cardiac failure, stroke cerebral, pulmonary hemorrhage, hemothorax, hemoptysis, and rupture.…”