Giant Radiating Dyke Swarms: Their Use in Identifying Pre-Mesozoic Large Igneous Provinces and Mantle Plumes

Ernst, Richard E.; Buchan, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1029/gm100p0297

Cited by 149 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…1), (in present coordinates) based on the convergence points of the rifts and dykes is located about 300 km to ENE from the Vilyui River mouth (Ernst and Buchan, 1997; see also Shpount and Oleinikov, 1987).…”

Section: Mantle Plume Originmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The transition from widespread basic rocks to spatially limited fields of diamondiferous kimberlites observed in the Vilyui-Markha swarm can result from decrease of the plume thermal activity with time and increasing depth of the magma formation levels or the onset of melting of fragments of delaminated lithosphere within the plume head. Another possible viewpoint is that the mafic dykes (feeders for the flood basalts) were emplaced laterally from the plume center region (c.f., Ernst and Buchan, 1997). This way, the kimberlites can be derived from underlying thick cratonic lithosphere while the basaltic magmatism can be derived from a mantle source area nearer the plume center where the lithosphere was thinner allowing production of large volumes of basaltic magma.…”

Section: Relative Timing Of Kimberlite Magmatismmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Radiating rifts and dyke swarms of the middle Paleozoic Yakutsk plume of eastern Siberian craton

Kiselev

Ernst

Yarmolyuk

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Section: Mantle Plume Originmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Relative Timing Of Kimberlite Magmatismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Radiating rifts and dyke swarms of the middle Paleozoic Yakutsk plume of eastern Siberian craton

Kiselev

Ernst

Yarmolyuk

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…Ernst et al 2005;Ernst 2014). Associated giant radiating or parallel swarms of doleritic dykes are hypothesised to be emplaced during crustal up-doming above a mantle plume head that impinges onto the base of a thick continental lithosphere (May 1971;Halls 1982;Ernst & Buchan 1997). The excess heat from such plumes may melt the above lying more depleted SCLM over time if the SCLM has been sufficiently hydrated through past metasomatism.…”

Section: Tectono-magmatic Setting and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baddeleyite U–Pb ages and gechemistry of the 1875–1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm across north-eastern South Africa: part of a trans-Kalahari Craton back-arc setting?

Olsson

Klausen

Hamilton

et al. 2015

GFF

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Abstract:Eleven new baddeleyite U-Pb crystallisation ages and associated whole-rock geochemistry on NE-NNEtrending tholeiitic dykes cutting across the north-eastern corner of the Archaean Kaapvaal Craton, the overlying Transvaal basin and the Bushveld and Phalaborwa igneous complexes collective-ly define a 1875-1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm (BHDS). Dyke ages do not discriminate between dyke trends or geographic location, but subdivide the BHDS into an older set of four more primitive dykes (MgO = 9.4-6.8 wt.%) and a younger set of seven dykes with more differentiated compositions (MgO = 5.6-4.2 wt.%). Despite being emplaced over a c. 40 Myr period, major element compositions are remarkably consistent with a single inversely modelled bulk fractionating assemblage of 57.5% plagi-oclase, 29.5% augite and 13.0% olivine. This fractionating assemblage requires an additional assimilation of bulk continental crust (at a low rvalue of 0.2) for reversed modelling of parental rare earth elements. Even though this crustal assimilation indicates that primary magmas could potentially have been derived from a spinel-bearing ambient primordial and asthenospheric mantle source, anomalously low Nb and high Pb values for the more primitive older dykes may also have been inherited from a sub-continental lithospheric mantle source. The ages for the BHDS bridge a gap between c. 1889 and 1867 Ma mafic sills and c. 1830 Ma rhyodacitic pyroclasts, interbedded in the top of a ~3 km-thick Sibasa basalt sequence, which combine into a continuous c. 1.89-1.83 Ga igneous province. Similar geochemical signatures are consistent with all sills, volcanic rocks and BHDS feeders collectively belonging to a very voluminous and coherent igneous province, which arguably formed behind active Magondi and Okwa-Kheis arcs, along the western margin of the proto-Kalahari Craton.

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“…Specifically, giant radiating swarms (with radii of up to more than 2500 km) focus on the plume centre region (Ernst and Buchan 1997). The most successful method for locating paleomantle plumes is using regional dyke swarms of LIPs.…”

Section: Locating Mantle Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIPs and implications for the structure and evolution of continental crust

Ernst

Wang

2019

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Large Igneous ProvincesLarge Igneous Provinces (LIPs) have broad significance for a number of areas of geology. LIPs are important in constraining paleocontinental reconstructions (e.g. via magmatic barcodes, Bleeker and Ernst, 2006;Ernst and Bleeker 2010; and via paleomagnetism, Buchan 2014), are a new tool in resource exploration targeting (e.g. Ernst and Jowitt, 2013), are analogues for planetary intraplate magmatism (e.g. Head and Coffin, 1997;Ernst, 2014), and have a causal role in dramatic climate change throughout Earth history (Ernst and Youbi, 2017).

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Giant Radiating Dyke Swarms: Their Use in Identifying Pre-Mesozoic Large Igneous Provinces and Mantle Plumes

Cited by 149 publications

References 137 publications

Radiating rifts and dyke swarms of the middle Paleozoic Yakutsk plume of eastern Siberian craton

Radiating rifts and dyke swarms of the middle Paleozoic Yakutsk plume of eastern Siberian craton

Baddeleyite U–Pb ages and gechemistry of the 1875–1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm across north-eastern South Africa: part of a trans-Kalahari Craton back-arc setting?

LIPs and implications for the structure and evolution of continental crust

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