Gibberellin-like Substances in the Developing Apricot Fruit

Jackson, D. I.; Coombe, B. G.

doi:10.1126/science.154.3746.277

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Apparently, detached cotton and okra fruits sampled near mid-development (Figs. SB and 6B) dehisced relatively slowly because this is the period of rapid growth when juvenile hormones are probably plentiful (7,10,20) and ABA (8,18) and ethylene (Figs. 1 and 3) are at minimum levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene: Role in Fruit Abscission and Dehiscence Processes

Lipe

Morgan

1972

Plant Physiol.

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Two peaks of ethylene production occur during the development of cotton fruits (Gossypium hirsutum L.). These periods precede the occurrence of young fruit shedding and mature fruit dehiscence, both of which are abscission phenomena and the latter is generally assumed to be part of the total ripening process. Detailed study of the dehiscence process revealed that ethylene production of individual, attached cotton (15,16). In these studies (15,16), a smaller peak of ethylene production was also noted near the time of maximum young fruit abscission.While fruit dehiscence is generally considered a component of the ripening process, where the regulatory role of ethylene is well established (3, 17), other considerations indicated the need for the present study. Fruit ripening has been studied most extensively in fleshy fruits which do not dehisce, and some fruits dehisce after they are dry while others open before appreciable weight loss occurs (13, 16). In some cases, for example pecans, dehiscence also involves detachment (abscission) of the seed from its vascular connections. Dehiscence as a physiological process has not received detailed attention, and yet it is a critical phase in the production of some crops where it is the dominant visible feature of the ripening process. Natural abscission of whole, ripe fruits of the species studied here is rare; seed dispersal can promptly follow dehiscence.Production of ethylene by flowers has been rather extensively studied, primarily in association with petal fading and abscission (3,17), and there is a presumptive association of ethylene with the natural separation of fruits from plants following ripening. All of this information was useful in our approach to the specific process of young fruit abscission.In the present investigation, a detailed monitoring of the seasonal pattern of ethylene production by intact cotton fruits was conducted, ethylene production by dehiscing cotton and pecan fruits was carefully detailed, and the capacity of physiological levels of exogenous ethylene to regulate dehiscence of detached fruits was determined.MATERIALS AND METHODS Pattern of Ethylene Production by Developing Cotton Fruits. In preliminary studies (15, 16) we observed ethylene production by detached cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. SP23) fruits from anthesis until the completion of fruit dehiscence. Triplicate samples of cotton fruits from a field on the Texas A&M University Farm, tagged on the same day at anthesis. were collected weekly, and enclosed in groups of three in a 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask on water-saturated filter paper. After 3 to 4 hr, the ethylene content of an air sample from each flask was measured gas chromatographically.Ethylene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene: Role in Fruit Abscission and Dehiscence Processes

Lipe

Morgan

1972

Plant Physiol.

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“…o,the,r fruits (3,5,8). However, there are few investigations known to the authors concerning changes of concentrations of gibberellin-like substances in relaition to fruit development (2,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Dturing this period gibberellin content rapidly fell to a low level uinitil after Juily 21. It may be that this low level of gibberellin initiated the arrested growth of stage II. There are few papers concern,ing the change inl concentration of gibberelilin-like substances during frtiit development (2,5 (14), in that there was more gibberellin activity in seeded than in seedless 'berries, indicating that grape seeds may be a rich source of gibberellin-like subsitan,ces. This is su.ppoirted by the fact that exogenouts git'bberellin grealtly en.larges 'Seedless Toka' berries, ibuit not seeded 'Tokay' berries (Weaver and P,oo,l, unpublished data).…”

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Gibberellin-like Activity in Berries of Seeded and Seedless Tokay Grapes

1968

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Abstract. Gibberellin-like activity in berries of both 'Tokay' (seeded) and 'Seedless Tokay' grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at different stages of development was determined. Activity in both seeded and seedless berries was mainly in the acidic ethyl acetate fraction. In seeded berries there was very high activity beginning at the early fruit-set stage and persisting for about 3 weeks after which the activity fell to low level and vanished by the middle of July. On August 1 there was another activity peak. The activity in 'Seedless Tokay' was similar except the decline was considerably more rapid and a secondary peak was reached in mid-June instead of August. The gibberellin-like substances in the acidic ethyl acetate fraction occurred mainly between RF 0.3 and 0.6 when the chromatogram was developed with ammoniacal isopropanol.The gibberellin-like substances from both types of berries were active in dwarf pea, dwarf corn, and lettuce hypocotyl bioassays, but not in the cucumber hypocotyl test. The role of gibberellin-like substances in berry development is discussed.Gibiberellin-like substances have been demonstrated in grape berrie,s (2, 14) a,s well as in several o,the,r fruits (3, 5, 8). However, there are few investigations known to the authors concerning changes of concentrations of gibberellin-like substances in relaition to fruit development (2, 5). The purpose of the pre!sent study wa,s 'to correlate changes tin concentration of gibberelilin-like substances with berry growth of 'Tokay' and 'Seedless Tokay' grapes.'Tokay' and 'Seeldless Tokay', a mutant of the seeded form, were uttilized because beriry size of seedles,s varieties increases markedly with the 'application of gibberellic a,cid (GAo) at flowering or fruit-set stage, whille in seeded varieties the response is much less (7,13,15

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“…10 kg of the seeds. PG-III was identified as gibberellin A5 (1) based on chromatographic behaviors (TLC and GC) and comparison of the mass spectrum of the methyl ester of PG-III with that of gibberellin A5 methyl ester (2). "…”

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confidence: 99%