Gibberellin Promotes Bolting and Flowering via the Floral Integrators RsFT and RsSOC1-1 under Marginal Vernalization in Radish

Jung, Haemyeong; Jo, Seung Hee; Jung, Won Yong; Park, Hyun Ji; Lee, Areum; Moon, Jae Sun; Seong, So Yoon; Kim, Ju-Kon; Kim, Youn-Sung; Cho, Hye Sun

doi:10.3390/plants9050594

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Gibberellic acids (e.g., GA 3 ) normally increase source strength by improv-ing photosynthetic efficiency and improve sink strength by redistributing photosynthetically assimilated products from leaves to buds (Iqbal et al, 2011;Verma et al, 2017). RNA-seq and qPCR analyses to investigate the effect of exogenous GA 3 (0, 1, or 10 mM) treatment on global gene expression profiles of radish (Raphanus sativus) revealed that 21 and 8 differentially expressed genes were identified as flowering time-and GA-responsive genes, respectively (Jung et al, 2020). Given that GA 3 (50 mg L -1 ) application reduced the production cycle by 6.2% compared to the control (71.5 vs. 76.2 days) while maintaining high flower quality, we believe that foliar application of 50 mg L -1 GA 3 is of great interest for the cut flower industry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers

Othman

Al-Ajlouni²,

A’saf³

et al. 2021

IJANR

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The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different foliar gibberellic acid (GA3) levels (0, 10, 50, and 200 mg L-1) and application timing on the growth, physiology (chlorophyll and gas exchange) and flower quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cvs. Beaudine and Palm Beach) and Asiatic lily (Lilium × elegans cvs. Fangio and Eldivo). The application of GA3 (50 mg L-1) increased (p < 0.05) gerbera shoot height (30%), pedicel length (20%), and vase life (12.5%) and decreased the number of days to flowering (7%) compared to the control. GA3 application at the seedling stage increased pedicel length and flower diameter compared to GA3 treatment at the flower initiation stage. However, the chlorophyll content index, photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) were similar across the study period. For Asiatic lily, 10 and 50 mg L-1 were the best GA3 levels in terms of leaf gs, E and flower diameter. Compared to 0, 10 and 50 mg L-1-GA3, 200 mg L-1-GA3 decreased the number of days to flowering. Overall, the application of 50 mg L-1-GA3 to gerbera and lily cultivars at the seedling stage can potentially improve flower quality and shorten the number of days to flowering.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers

Othman

Al-Ajlouni²,

A’saf³

et al. 2021

IJANR

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“…GAs also stimulate expression of MdTFL1 in apple ( Zhang et al., 2019 ). In contrast, the expression levels of RsFT and RsSOC1-1 are up-regulated after GA treatment in early-flowering (NH-JS2) Raphanus sativus (radish; Jung et al., 2020 ). Recently, a GA-DELLA (SLR1)-VvmiR159c- VvGIBBERELLIN MYB GENE ( GAMYB ) cascade was reported to modulate grape floral development ( Wang et al., 2018b ).…”

Section: Reproductive Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of gibberellins on important agronomic traits of horticultural plants

Zhang

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Horticultural plants such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants are crucial to human life and socioeconomic development. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid compounds, control numerous developmental processes of plants. The roles of GAs in regulating growth and development of horticultural plants, and in regulating significant progress have been clarified. These findings have significant implications for promoting the quality and quantity of the products of horticultural plants. Here we review recent progress in determining the roles of GAs (including biosynthesis and signaling) in regulating plant stature, axillary meristem outgrowth, compound leaf development, flowering time, and parthenocarpy. These findings will provide a solid foundation for further improving the quality and quantity of horticultural plants products.

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“…There has always been a dilemma on the plant hormones’ exact role in regulating the flowering process—for example, GA has been positively correlated with flowering in several plant species like Arabidopsis , tobacco, radish, etc . ( Gallego-Giraldo et al., 2007 ; Porri et al., 2012 ; Jung et al., 2020 ; Fukazawa et al., 2021 ), and contrary to many perennial fruit species, it inhibits flowering in apples, grapes, and citrus ( Boss and Thomas, 2002 ; Garmendia et al., 2019 ; Zhang et al., 2019 ). GA has been shown to affect the different phases of flowering, from flowering induction to flower development ( Mutasa-Göttgens and Hedden, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones regulate the flowering process in saffron differently depending on the developmental stage

Singh

Sharma²,

Jose-Santhi³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Flowering in saffron is a highly complex process regulated by the synchronized action of environmental cues and endogenous signals. Hormonal regulation of flowering is a very important process controlling flowering in several plants, but it has not been studied in saffron. Flowering in saffron is a continual process completed in months with distinct developmental phases, mainly divided into flowering induction and flower organogenesis/formation. In the present study, we investigated how phytohormones affect the flowering process at different developmental stages. The results suggest that different hormones differentially affect flower induction and formation in saffron. The exogenous treatment of flowering competent corms with abscisic acid (ABA) suppressed both floral induction and flower formation, whereas some other hormones, like auxins (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), behaved contrarily at different developmental stages. IAA promoted flower induction, while GA suppressed it; however, GA promoted flower formation, whereas IAA suppressed it. Cytokinin (kinetin) treatment suggested its positive involvement in flower induction and flower formation. The expression analysis of floral integrator and homeotic genes suggests that ABA might suppress floral induction by suppressing the expression of the floral promoter (LFY, FT3) and promoting the expression of the floral repressor (SVP) gene. Additionally, ABA treatment also suppressed the expression of the floral homeotic genes responsible for flower formation. GA reduces the expression of flowering induction gene LFY, while IAA treatment upregulated its expression. In addition to these genes, a flowering repressor gene, TFL1-2, was also found to be downregulated in IAA treatment. Cytokinin promotes flowering induction by increasing the expression levels of the LFY gene and decreasing the TFL1-2 gene expression. Moreover, it improved flower organogenesis by increasing the expression of floral homeotic genes. Overall, the results suggest that hormones differently regulate flowering in saffron via regulating floral integrator and homeotic gene expression.

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Gibberellin Promotes Bolting and Flowering via the Floral Integrators RsFT and RsSOC1-1 under Marginal Vernalization in Radish

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers

Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers

Effects of gibberellins on important agronomic traits of horticultural plants

Hormones regulate the flowering process in saffron differently depending on the developmental stage

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