Giemsa staining and fluorescent chromosome banding in someVitisL. species

Abstract

Giemsa staining technique and fl uorescent chromosome banding with CMA 3 and DAPI were applied to the mitotic chromosomes of Vitis champinii, V. cinerea, V. girdiana, V. labrusca, V. rotundifolia, V. rupestris and V. vinifera for the purpose of chromosome measurement and constitutive heterochromatin characterization at the cytochemical level, respectively. Both fl uorescent CMA and conventional Giemsa staining constituted a valuable tool for chromosome characterization. Karyomorphometric data obtained after Giemsa staining allowed for an average ideogram and karyotype formulae based on chromosome length for the species. V. champinii and V. girdiana distinguished from the other fi ve species by means of the total haploid chromosome length, by the longest chromosome length and by the average chromosome length. The seven grape species have moderate chromosome asymmetry values and were classifi ed on 2A Stebbins' category. Positive CMA bands were seen in all species. V. girdiana distinguished from the other species solely by the presence of two CMA + bands, while V. champinii, V. cinerea, V. labrusca, V. rotundifolia and V. rupestris had four bands. V. vinifera showed chromosome heteromorphism for CMA bands. No clearly visible DAPI + band was seen in the species. According to the present observations, it seems that the evolutionary process of speciation involving North American and European Euvitis species studied, resulted in some discrete changes in chromosome measurements and also in heterochromatin base composition of at least one species. These data enlarge the chromosomal information of the genus Vitis and make possible further comparative studies into the Vitaceae family.

Untangling the Evolution of American Wild Grapes: Admixed Species and How to Find Them

“…Zecca et al (2019), based on plastome data, suggested a possible V. rupestris-like origin of V. x champinii maternal lineage. On the contrary, Pinto-Maglio et al (2010) showing a different number of submetacentric chromosomes between V. x champinii and other species, including V. rupestris, V. cinerea (Engelm.) Millardet, V. labrusca and V. rotundifolia, stated that none of the grapes analyzed could be a parent of V. x champinii.…”

“…Molecular data have been applied to confirm hybridization of Asian and European grapes (Zecca et al, 2010;Goto-Yamamoto et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2018b) and to show extensive reticulate evolution among grapes (Wan et al, 2013). In parallel however, disagreement between authors about the directionality of the inferred admixture events as well as about the identification of natural hybrids and of their ancestry has increased, confirming that the interspecific relationships among grapes have not yet been completely clarified (Pinto-Maglio et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2013;Dangl et al, 2015;Goto-Yamamoto et al, 2015;Klein et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2018b;Heinitz et al, 2019;Liang et al, 2019;Zecca et al, 2019).…”

Evaluation of mitotic activity in tapetal cells of grapevine (Vitis L.)

“…The cytological works on some Vitis species and varieties have been predominantly centered on chromosome number (Olmo, 1937;Takusagawa, 1952;Shetty and Raman, 1960) and few attempts were done to describe chromosome morphology for the obtainment of karyotypes Seethaiah, 1969, 1973;Patil and Patil, 1992). Also, studies on constitutive heterochromatin localization and characterization at the cytochemical level, using fluorescent dyes (Pinto-Maglio et al, 2010), mapping of rDNA 45S loci through in situ hybridization (Castro et al, 2018) as well as the active NOR sites localization (Pierozzi, 2011) have been done. Besides, there have been studies to ascertain the regularity of microsporogenesis process and the pollen 3 fertility percentage of some diploid grapevine varieties and hybrids of interest in breeding programs as well as of some spontaneous and induced tetraploid varieties (Patel and Olmo, 1955;Viljoen and Spies, 1995;Kuliyev, 2020).…”

Heat stress tolerance assayed in four wine-producing grapevine varieties using a cytogenetic approach

“…Nowadays, they can still be considered scarce when compared with other plant species. Most of the available cytogenetic studies performed in grapevine relied on the determination of the chromosome number in different Vitis species and V. vinifera varieties, karyotyping, physical location of ribosomal DNA loci and/or nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) positively stained with silver nitrate (Ag-NORs) or on the evaluation of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes expression in different varieties and tissues (leaves and roots) (Haas et al, 1994;Haas and Alleweldt 2000;Pinto-Maglio et al, 2010;Pierozzi 2011;Pierozzi and Moura 2016;Castro et al, 2018). Other cytogenetic studies focused the meiotic behaviour of some grapevine varieties through the evaluation of pollen viability/ fertility and germination in natural and stressful conditions (Da Silva et al, 2001;Pereira et al, 2014).…”