“…Complementing standalone tools that provide medical image and/or simulation analysis toolchains, such as SimBio [22], COPHIT [10], BloodSim [58], euHeart [73], IMPPACT [57], or, much earlier, RAPT, newer platforms exist to bring analysis to a distributed setting, in some cases adapting existing standalone frameworks [13,72]. The extension to a generic toolchain using scientific middleware is a challenge that has been impeded by closed extensions in proprietary tools [72], and evolutionary developments have moved closer to open, standardized protocols, incorporating web technologies for improved quality of service [21]. A more extensive overview of international computational projects in biomedicine is provided in [44] and [61].…”