This paper presents findings from an investigation into requirements for collaboration in e-Science in the context of eDiaMoND, a Grid-enabled prototype system intended in part to support breast cancer screening. Detailed studies based on ethnographic fieldwork reveal the importance of accountability and visibility of work for trust and for the various forms of 'practical ethical action' in which clinicians are seen to routinely engage in this setting. We discuss the implications of our findings, specifically for the prospect of using distributed screening to make more effective use of scarce clinical skills and, more generally, for realising the Grid's potential for sharing data within and across institutions. Understanding how to afford trust and to provide adequate support for ethical concerns relating to the handling of sensitive data is a particular challenge for e-Health systems and for e-Science in general. Future e-Health and eScience systems will need to be compatible with the ways in which trust is achieved, and practical ethical actions are realised and embedded within work practices.
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Abstract
20There has been an increasing interest in the use of decision-making models to achieve 21 sustainability goal in recent decades. However, a systematic review of performance 22 metrics, which are an important element of decision-making models to evaluate the 23 outcomes regarding firm's economic, environmental and social performance, is 24 lacking. This study provides critical reflections on the current state of literature and 25 industry development regarding sustainable performance metrics and offers concrete 26 suggestions to guide future research. This study contributes to existing studies by (1) 27 exploring the interrelationship between sustainable triple-bottom performance in the 28 decision making process; (2) integrating corporate governance mechanism into 29 decision making process for sustainable consideration; and (3) conducting a 30 comparison between academic theory and industry practice regarding the performance 31 metrics proposed and employed. 32 33 34 35 36
Privacy by Design has emerged as a proactive approach for embedding privacy into the early stages of the design of information and communication technologies, but it is no 'silver bullet'. Challenges involved in engineering Privacy by Design include a lack of holistic and systematic methodologies that address the complexity and variability of privacy issues and support the translation of its principles into engineering activities. A consequence is that its principles are given at a high level of abstraction without accompanying tools and guidelines to address these challenges. We analyse three privacy requirements engineering methods from which we derive a set of criteria that aid in identifying data-processing activities that may lead to privacy violations and harms and also aid in specifying appropriate design decisions. We also present principles for engineering Privacy by Design that can be developed upon these criteria. Based on these, we outline some preliminary thoughts on the form of a principled framework that addresses the plurality and contextuality of privacy issues and supports the translation of the principles of Privacy by Design into engineering activities.
We present the initial results from the FHPCA Supercomputer project at the University of Edinburgh. The project has successfully built a general-purpose 64 FPGA computer and ported to it three demonstration applications from the oil, medical and finance sectors. This paper describes in brief the machine itselfMaxwell -its hardware and software environment and presents very early benchmark results from runs of the demonstrators.
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