Gingival crevicular fluid: An overview

Subbarao, Krishnan Chandragiri; Nattuthurai, Gowri Shankar; Sundararajan, Satheesh Khannaa; Sujith, Indhu; Joseph, Jennifer; Syedshah, Yasmin Parvin

doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_56_19

Cited by 85 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…ment, is mainly originated from the serum (45). Despite the discrepancy in cytokine concentrations and the lack of correlation among different biological matrices, an overall high agreement in the detection of cytokine levels was observed in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (46).…”

Section: Inflamm-aging and Gingival Senescencementioning

confidence: 92%

Hyperglycemia-induced inflamm-aging accelerates gingival senescence via NLRC4 phosphorylation

Zhang

Wang

Nie

et al. 2019

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Inflamm-aging was recently affiliated with the progression of diabetic complications. Local cellular senescence together with senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are the main contributors to inflamm-aging. However, little is known about their involvement in diabetic periodontitis. Gingiva is the first line of host defense in the periodontium, and macrophages are key SASP-carrying cells. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism by which hyperglycemia drives the inflamm-aging in the gingival tissue of diabetic mice and macrophages. We demonstrated that hyperglycemia increased the infiltrated macrophage senescence in gingival tissue of diabetic mice. Simultaneously, hyperglycemia elevated the local burden of senescent cells in gingival tissue and induced the serum secretion of SASP factors in vivo. Moreover, in vitro, high glucose induced macrophage senescence and SASP factors secretion through phosphorylation of NLRC4, which further stimulated the NF-B/ Caspase-1 cascade via an IRF8-dependent pathway. Deletion of NLRC4 or IRF8 abolished hyperglycemia-induced cellular senescence and SASP in macrophages. In addition, we found that treatment with metformin inhibited NLRC4 phosphorylation and remarkably decreased cellular senescence and SASP in the context of hyperglycemia. Our data demonstrated that hyperglycemia induces the development of inflamm-aging in gingival tissue and suggested that NLRC4 is a potential target for treatment of diabetes-associated complications. Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect millions of people (1). Hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes mellitus, is associated with a range of complications, including periodontitis (2). Diabetes increases the susceptibility to periodontitis and leads to more severe inflammation (3). Recently, inflamm-aging was linked to the etiology of diabetic complications. Cellular senescence and senescence-associated

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Section: Inflamm-aging and Gingival Senescencementioning

confidence: 92%

Hyperglycemia-induced inflamm-aging accelerates gingival senescence via NLRC4 phosphorylation

Zhang

Wang

Nie

et al. 2019

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Several methods have been described for the collection of GCF, such as absorption onto paper strips, microcapillary pipetting, and sulcular washing methods [ 45 , 46 ]. Despite the fact that GCF provides high levels of different biomarkers, the volume of this fluid is drastically altered in response to health or disease [ 47 ]. This fluctuation greatly influences collection time by microcapillary pipetting, which ranges from 10 min for diseased sites up to 40 min in healthy sites [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Sources Of Biomarkers Of Periodontal Disease In the Oral mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Fluids Biomarker Profile to Determine the Current and Future Status of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

et al. 2020

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Severe periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humankind, with an estimated 740 million people affected worldwide. The diagnosis of periodontal diseases mainly relies upon assessment of conventional clinical parameters. However, these parameters reflect past, rather than current, clinical status or future disease progression and, likely, outcome of periodontal treatment. Specific and sensitive biomarkers for periodontal diseases have been examined widely to address these issues and some biomarkers have been translated as point-of-care (PoC) tests. The aim of this review was to provide an update on PoC tests for use in the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases. Among the PoC tests developed so far, active matrix metalloproteinase-8 has shown promising results in terms of diagnostic and prognostic values. However, further studies are required to increase the sensitivity and specificity via combining more than one biomarker and merging these test kits with periodontal risk assessment tools. Furthermore, the validity of these test kits needs to be investigated by applying the results in further independent studies and the impact on these test kits’, together with the results of risk factors for periodontal diseases, such as diabetes and smoking, also needs to be examined.

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“…Genome sequencing of five subspecies of F. nucleatum, a Gram-negative anaerobic microbe, has identified a range of genome sizes, namely 1.84–2.7 Mbp [ 119 , 120 ]. Within the periodontal pocket, in response to an altered microbiome, an inflammatory fluid is generated, called gingival crevicular fluid [ 121 ]; this exudate contains iron containing proteins such as hemoglobin, lactoferrin, and transferrin, which may contribute to the outgrowth of pathogenic oral bacteria [ 122 ].…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Pathways and Iron Chelation Approaches in Viral, Microbial, and Fungal Infections

et al. 2020

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Iron is an essential element required to support the health of organisms. This element is critical for regulating the activities of cellular enzymes including those involved in cellular metabolism and DNA replication. Mechanisms that underlie the tight control of iron levels are crucial in mediating the interaction between microorganisms and their host and hence, the spread of infection. Microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and fungi have differing iron acquisition/utilization mechanisms to support their ability to acquire/use iron (e.g., from free iron and heme). These pathways of iron uptake are associated with promoting their growth and virulence and consequently, their pathogenicity. Thus, controlling microorganismal survival by limiting iron availability may prove feasible through the use of agents targeting their iron uptake pathways and/or use of iron chelators as a means to hinder development of infections. This review will serve to assimilate findings regarding iron and the pathogenicity of specific microorganisms, and furthermore, find whether treating infections mediated by such organisms via iron chelation approaches may have potential clinical benefit.

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Gingival crevicular fluid: An overview

Cited by 85 publications

References 10 publications

Hyperglycemia-induced inflamm-aging accelerates gingival senescence via NLRC4 phosphorylation

Hyperglycemia-induced inflamm-aging accelerates gingival senescence via NLRC4 phosphorylation

Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Fluids Biomarker Profile to Determine the Current and Future Status of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

Iron Pathways and Iron Chelation Approaches in Viral, Microbial, and Fungal Infections

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