Gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis contains bone resorbing activity

Abstract

Inflammatory processes occurring in the vicinity of bone tissue often result in stimulation of osteoclast activity and loss of skeletal mass. The aim of the current study was to determine if inflammatory exudates collected from gingival pockets in patients with periodontitis contain factors capable of stimulating resorptive activity. The degree of bone mineral mobilization and bone matrix degradation was assessed by analysis of the release of 45Ca and 3H from bones prelabelled with 45CaCl2 and [3H]proline, respectively. Gingival crevicular washings from six patients with signs of periodontitis stimulated 45Ca or 3H release from the calvarial bones. The stimulatory effect of the gingival crevicular washings on 45Ca release was concentration- and time-dependent, and reduced by calcitonin, a specific osteoclast inhibitor. These data demonstrate that crevicular fluid contains factor(s) which can stimulate osteoclastic degradation of bone in vitro. The bone resorbing activity was partially retained after extensive dialysis. Analysis of the concentrations of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta in the crevicular fluids, and comparisons of these agents as stimulators of 45Ca release in the mouse calvarial assay, suggest that prostaglandin E2 is not the sole factor responsible for the bone resorbing activity of the exudates. The data indicate that other factors, such as IL-1, may play key roles in the stimulation of osteoclastic activity by gingival crevicular washings.

The Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α Levels in Total Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid From 11‐ to 16‐Year‐Old Children

“…In line with our findings in children, higher GCF IL‐1β levels were reported in adult patients with gingivitis than in periodontally healthy subjects 39 . Lerner et al 31 reported increased GCF levels of IL‐1 in teenaged children with periodontitis, but they did not measure levels in gingivitis.…”

“…In the current study, these two cytokines were analyzed in the total saliva and GCF of children. Relatively few studies 31–34 have examined IL‐1β and TNF‐α in this age group.…”

Effects on osteoclast and osteoblast activities in cultured mouse calvarial bones by synovial fluids from patients with a loose joint prosthesis and from osteoarthritis patients

“…As can be seen in Figure 4c, the concentrations of PGE 2 varied between 36 and 187 pg/ml in SFs from patients with OA ( n = 7) and between 46 and 179 pg/ml in SFs from patients with a loose prosthesis ( n = 7). Because the threshold for action on 45 Ca release in the mouse calvarial system is 4 ng/ml [38], the concentration of PGE 2 in the diluted SFs used to stimulate 45 Ca release was far too low to be responsible for the bone-resorbing activity.…”

IL‐1β Increases uPA and uPA Receptor Expression in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

“…The levels of IL-1¯were higher in the gingival crevicular uids of patients with periodontitis than in healthy controls (17 ). Lerner et al noted that IL-1¯in crevicular uids was detected at concentrations between 270-1,850 pg/ml, which was suf cient for bone resorption because 15 pg/ml of IL-1¯stimulated 45 Ca release from mouse calvariae (20). Our present study showed that 0.1-10 U/ml (10-1,000 pg/ml) of IL-1¯stimulated the expression of uPA and uPAR in gingival broblasts, which may be exist in similar amounts in the gingival crevicular uids of periodontal patients.…”

“…Moreover, IL-1¯stimulates the activity and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human gingival broblasts (18,19 ), thus, it may also play a key role in bone resorption in periodontal diseases (20).…”