Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 attenuates brain death-induced renal injury by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and the SAPK and JAK-STAT signalings

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EGb761, a Ginkgo Biloba extract, against brain death-induced kidney injury. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, brain-death (BD), BD + EGb b48h (48 hours before BD), BD + EGb 2 h (2 hours after BD), BD + EGb 1 h, and BD + EGb 0.5 h. Six hours after BD, serum sample and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine significantly elevated in the BD group than in sham group. In all the EGb761-treated BD animals except for the BD + Gb 2 h group, the levels of BUN and serum creatinine significantly reduced (all P < 0.01). EGb761 attenuated tubular injury and lowered the histological score. In addition, the longer duration of drug treatment was, the better protective efficacy could be observed. EGb761 significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10 mRNA expression and macrophage infiltration in the kidney. EGb761 treatment at 48 hour before brain death significantly attenuate the levels of p-JNK-MAPK, p-p38-MAPK, and p-STAT3 proteins (all P < 0.05, compared to BD group). In summary, our data showed that EGb761 treatment protected donor kidney from BD-induced damages by blocking SAPK and JAK-STAT signalings. Early administration of EGb761 can provide better protective efficacy.

Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Magnetized Water on Nephropathy in Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rat

“…Our current study displays that nephrotoxicity induced by diabetes could be rescued by the treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract and magnetized water. Likewise, a concomitant reduction in nephrotoxic effects after Ginkgo biloba treatment was mentioned before [ 14 – 16 , 31 – 34 ] as well as magnetized water treatment [ 19 , 21 , 25 – 27 ].…”

“…Absence of Ginkgo biloba hazard effects [ 49 ], low effect of high kidney related-serum parameters [ 50 , 51 ], renal injury attenuating effect [ 14 – 16 ], antioxidant effect [ 52 ] and fatty acid regulation effect [ 53 – 55 ], encouraged us to use it to decrease nephrotoxic effects in diabetic rats.…”

“…Furthermore, Ginkgo biloba has a vascular rescuing effect as well as an antiapoptotic effect [ 11 – 13 ]. In addition, it has been shown that Ginkgo biloba could rescue renal injury in brain death induced-nephrotoxicity [ 14 ] and adriamycin-induced hyperlipidemic nephrotoxicity [ 15 ] and in uranium-treated mice [ 16 ].…”

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Early Decompression after Spinal Cord Injury

“…Ginkgo biloba is a product of lipid peroxidation that exerts potential protective function in spinal cord myelin, glial, and neuronal membranes and other cellular elements. Studies have pointed out that the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 has protective effects against brain deathinduced kidney injury, and this effect may be related to SAPK and JAK-STAT signaling [17]. Clinical data have suggested that surgical decompression is a feasible treatment scheme for acute SCI, but whether Ginkgo biloba can inhibit the inflammation of the spinal cord after secondary injury with simultaneous neuroprotection after early decompression has not been reported.…”

Effect of in vitro storage duration on measured mechanical properties of brain tissue

“…TEM slides were prepared in reference to Li’s method 62 . In brief, glutaraldehyde-fixed brain tissues were fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in ethanol, and then embedded.…”